Arctic Ocean Precipitation From Atmospheric Reanalyses and Comparisons With North Pole Drifting Station Records
Arctic Ocean Precipitation From Atmospheric Reanalyses and Comparisons With North Pole Drifting Station Records
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DOI：
10.1029/2019jc015415
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Serreze, Mark C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrett, Andrew P.;Stroeve, Julienne C.;Serreze, Mark C.
我们评估了来自六个大气再分析的北冰洋降水场：NASA MERRA，NASA MERRA 2，NOAA CFSR/CFSv 2，ECMWF ERA-Interim，ECMWF ERA 5和JMAO JRA 55。这项研究的动机是认识到，降水场再分析可以作为关键输入到雪海冰积累模型，支持卫星高度计系统的海冰厚度反演。北冰洋中部年降水量的时间序列在所有再分析之间具有很好的相关性，它们都捕获了北极降水的基本空间和季节模式。然而，它们在降水量方面存在很大差异：CFSR和MERRA 2比其他再分析更湿润。所有的再分析都表明，北冰洋中部的年降水量大部分来自于小于1毫米/天的小事件。验证面临着观测稀疏、测量不足的不确定调整以及其他问题的挑战。然而，考虑到与俄罗斯北极漂流站记录的数据的相关性大致相等，并且它们在区域尺度上描绘了类似的年际变化，所有的再分析似乎都适合支持冰厚度的检索（前提是可以应用适当的偏差校正）。然而，只有CFSR、MERRA 2、ERA 5和JRA 55将在2019年之后继续产生产量。简明语言摘要虽然漂浮在北冰洋上的海冰的厚度可以使用卫星高度计测量-测量物体在表面上投影的高度的仪器-这假设人们知道位于冰层上的任何积雪的质量。估计覆盖的积雪是一项艰巨的任务。一种方法是使用一种称为大气再分析的天气模型对降水量的估计。我们从六个不同的再分析降水，发现他们都有很大的潜力提供降水领域。
We evaluate fields of Arctic Ocean precipitation from six atmospheric reanalyses: NASA MERRA, NASA MERRA2, NOAA CFSR/CFSv2, ECMWF ERA-Interim, ECMWF ERA5, and JMAO JRA55. The study is motivated by recognition that precipitation fields from reanalyses can serve as the key input into snow on sea ice accumulation models, supporting retrievals of sea ice thickness from satellite altimeter systems. Time series of annual precipitation over the central Arctic Ocean correlate well between all reanalyses, and they all capture the basic spatial and seasonal patterns of Arctic precipitation. However, they differ strongly with respect to precipitation amount: CFSR and MERRA2 are wetter than the other reanalyses. All reanalyses depict that the majority of total annual precipitation over the central Arctic Ocean comes from small events, less than 1 mm/day. Validation is challenged by sparse observations, uncertain adjustments for gauge undercatch, and other issues. However, given that correlations with data from Russian North Pole drifting station records are all roughly equal and that they depict similar interannual variability at the regional scale, all of the reanalyses appear suitable for supporting retrievals of ice thickness (provided that appropriate bias corrections can be applied). However, only CFSR, MERRA2, ERA5, and JRA55 will continue to generate output beyond 2019.Plain Language Summary While the thickness of the sea ice that floats atop the Arctic Ocean can be measured using satellite altimeters-instruments that measure the height that something projects above the surface-this assumes that one knows the mass of any snow cover that lies atop the ice. Estimating the overlying snow cover is a formidable task. One way forward is to use estimates of precipitation from a type of weather model known as an atmospheric reanalysis. We look at precipitation from six different reanalyses and find that all of them hold much potential for providing fields of precipitation.