Genetic differentiation associated with host plants and geography among six widespread species of South American Blepharoneura fruit flies (Tephritidae)
Genetic differentiation associated with host plants and geography among six widespread species of South American Blepharoneura fruit flies (Tephritidae)
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DOI：
10.1111/jeb.13043
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发表时间：
2017-04
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
K. Ottens;I. Winkler;M. Lewis;S. Scheffer;G. A. Gomes‐Costa-;M. Condon;A. Forbes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Ottens;I. Winkler;M. Lewis;S. Scheffer;G. A. Gomes‐Costa-;M. Condon;A. Forbes
热带食草昆虫种类繁多，许多具有高度的宿主特异性。许多证据表明，植食性昆虫的多样性是宿主植物多样性的一个功能;然而，一些谱系的多样性超过了植物的多样性。虽然新热带区Blepharoneura属的大多数食草性果蝇物种具有强烈的宿主特异性（它们将卵存款在单一的宿主植物物种和花性别中），但有些物种是从多个宿主或花中收集的，这些可能代表了通过宿主使用的变化而多样化的谱系的例子。在这里，我们调查的多样化模式，在六个地理分布广泛的Blepharoneura物种已收集和饲养的至少两个寄主植物物种或寄主植物部分。我们使用微卫星（1）测试与不同同域宿主（不同植物物种或花性别）相关的局部遗传分化的证据，（2）检查南美洲多个采集点的遗传分化的地理模式。在六个苍蝇物种中的四个，我们发现从不同宿主收集的苍蝇之间存在局部遗传差异的证据。所有六个物种都显示出地理结构的证据，在圭亚那地盾收集的苍蝇和亚马逊河流域收集的苍蝇之间存在一致的差异。全大陆范围的分析显示-在所有情况下，除了一个例子-从不同宿主物种或不同性别的花中收集的遗传分化的苍蝇不是彼此最近的亲戚，这表明遗传差异通常出现在异地之前，或者至少与新宿主使用的进化相一致。
Tropical herbivorous insects are astonishingly diverse, and many are highly host‐specific. Much evidence suggests that herbivorous insect diversity is a function of host plant diversity; yet, the diversity of some lineages exceeds the diversity of plants. Although most species of herbivorous fruit flies in the Neotropical genus Blepharoneura are strongly host‐specific (they deposit their eggs in a single host plant species and flower sex), some species are collected from multiple hosts or flowers and these may represent examples of lineages that are diversifying via changes in host use. Here, we investigate patterns of diversification within six geographically widespread Blepharoneura species that have been collected and reared from at least two host plant species or host plant parts. We use microsatellites to (1) test for evidence of local genetic differentiation associated with different sympatric hosts (different plant species or flower sexes) and (2) examine geographic patterns of genetic differentiation across multiple South American collection sites. In four of the six fly species, we find evidence of local genetic differences between flies collected from different hosts. All six species show evidence of geographic structure, with consistent differences between flies collected in the Guiana Shield and flies collected in Amazonia. Continent‐wide analyses reveal – in all but one instance – that genetically differentiated flies collected in sympatry from different host species or different sex flowers are not one another's closest relatives, indicating that genetic differences often arise in allopatry before, or at least coincident with, the evolution of novel host use.