Depression, cytokines and experimental pain: Evidence for sex-related association patterns
Depression, cytokines and experimental pain: Evidence for sex-related association patterns
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.017
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Rief, Winfried
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Euteneuer, Frank;Schwarz, Markus J.;Rief, Winfried
背景资料：有强有力的证据表明，改变的神经免疫相互作用，包括促炎细胞因子水平的增加参与抑郁症的发病机制和改变疼痛处理。促炎细胞因子诱导病态行为，这是一系列与抑郁症非常相似的症状。疾病行为的一个特征是疼痛敏感性增强，并且已经表明促炎细胞因子直接和通过几种神经生物学途径与疼痛处理相互作用。以前的研究表明，抑郁和疼痛密切相关。方法：对37例门诊抑郁症患者和48例健康对照者进行心理病理学指标、压力痛阈（PPT）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的检测。并且PPT显着降低，表明疼痛敏感性增强。当调整性别和体重指数时，组间差异是稳健的，尽管性别与PPT显著相关。在IL-6方面未观察到组间差异。PPT与肿瘤坏死因子-α在女性中显着相关，但在男性中不相关。局限性：由于横断面设计，肿瘤坏死因子-α和疼痛之间的因果关系无法确定。结果应被认为是初步的小样本size.Conclusion：目前的研究结果表明，增加疼痛敏感性抑郁症可能与增加TNF-α浓度。这种协会在男性中的缺乏进行了讨论的疼痛相关的心理生物学性别差异。(C)2010 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Background: There is robust evidence that altered neural-immune interactions including increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines are involved in both the pathogenesis of depression and altered pain processing. Proinflammatory cytokines induce sickness behavior, a constellation of symptoms that bears a strong similarity to those of depression. A feature of sickness behavior is enhanced pain sensitivity and it has been suggested that proinflammatory cytokines interact with pain processing directly and via several neurobiological pathways. Previous research indicates that depression and pain are closely related. We investigated the association between proinflammatory cytokines and experimental pain in major depression.Methods: Psychopathological variables, pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in 37 outpatients with major depression and 48 healthy controls.Results: Compared with controls, depressed patients exhibited significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha. and significantly decreased PPT indicating enhanced pain sensitivity. The group differences were robust when adjusting for sex and body mass index, although sex was significantly related to PPT. No group difference was observed in IL-6. PPT correlated significantly with TNF-alpha in women but not in men.Limitations: Because of the cross-sectional design, causality of the relation between TNF-alpha and pain cannot be determined. Results should be considered preliminary given the small sample size.Conclusion: The present findings suggest that increased pain sensitivity in depression may be linked to increased TNF-alpha concentration. The absence of this association in men is discussed in terms of pain-related psychobiological sex differences. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.