ATTENTION, SIMILARITY, AND THE IDENTIFICATION-CATEGORIZATION RELATIONSHIP
ATTENTION, SIMILARITY, AND THE IDENTIFICATION-CATEGORIZATION RELATIONSHIP
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.115.1.39
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发表时间：
1986-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
NOSOFSKY, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
NOSOFSKY, RM
提出并验证了一种统一的量化方法来建模被试对多维感知刺激的识别和分类。两名受试者识别和分类的同一组感知混淆的刺激不同的可分离的维度。识别数据使用谢泼德（1957）多维尺度选择框架建模。然后，该框架被扩展到模型的主题的分类性能。范畴化模型是对Medin和Schaffer（1978）提出的语境分类理论的概括，它假设被试在记忆中储存范畴样例。分类决策是基于相似性的刺激存储的样本。它被认为是相同的多维感知表征的基础上的识别和分类范式的性能。然而，由于选择性注意的影响，相似性关系在两种范式中发生了系统性的变化。实验结果支持了被试在不同维度上分配注意力以优化分类绩效的假设。证据还表明，受试者可能已经扩大了他们的类别表示与推断的范例。多维标度和分类理论的结果的影响进行了讨论。
A unified quantitative approach to modeling subjects' identification and categorization of multidimensional perceptual stimuli is proposed and tested. Two subjects identified and categorized the same set of perceptually confusable stimuli varying on separable dimensions. The identification data were modeled using Shepard's (1957) multidimensional scaling-choice framework. This framework was then extended to model the subjects' categorization performance. The categorization model, which generalizes the context theory of classification developed by Medin and Schaffer (1978), assumes that subjects store category exemplars in memory. Classification decisions are based on the similarity of stimuli to the stored exemplars. It is assumed that the same multidimensional perceptual representation underlies performance in both the identification and categorization paradigms. However, because of the influence of selective attention, similarity relationships change systematically across the two paradigms. Some support was gained for the hypothesis that subjects distribute attention among component dimensions so as to optimize categorization performance. Evidence was also obtained that subjects may have augmented their category representations with inferred exemplars. Implications of the results for theories of multidimensional scaling and categorization are discussed.