The changes in antibiotic resistance genes during 86 years of the soil ripening process without anthropogenic activities.
The changes in antibiotic resistance genes during 86 years of the soil ripening process without anthropogenic activities.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128985
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Xingyao Tang;Min Shen;Yanzhou Zhang;Dewei Zhu;Huanli Wang;Yongqiang Zhao;Yijun Kang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xingyao Tang;Min Shen;Yanzhou Zhang;Dewei Zhu;Huanli Wang;Yongqiang Zhao;Yijun Kang
这项研究旨在揭示几十年来没有人为活动的土壤中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)自然变异的基线。从中国盐城湿地国家级自然保护区采集了9个不同成土时间的土壤样品。用元基因组学方法对ARGs和移动遗传元件(MGES)进行了分析。在土壤和根际土壤中分别检测到196种和192种ARGs亚型。ARGs的多样性和丰度在69年中保持稳定，可能是由于土壤环境的碱性pH所致，而不是由于抗生素的作用。86年后ARG的增加可能归因于与其他采样点相比，栖息的候鸟更多。多种药物是最丰富的类型，主要由土壤样本分享。进一步表明，土壤样品不能清楚地区分，表明泥滩中ARGs的演替过程缓慢。变异分配分析表明，ARG谱是由细菌群落、MGES和环境因素所表现出的综合效应驱动的。此外，在具有86年土壤形成历史的接近人类住区的地区，由候鸟介导的含有ARGs的病原菌需要特别关注。这项研究揭示了几十年来在没有人类活动的情况下，土壤成熟过程中ARGs的缓慢变化，并为评估人类活动对ARGs发生和传播的影响提供了信息。
This study aimed to reveal the baseline of natural variations in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil without anthropogenic activities over the decades. Nine soil samples with different time of soil formation were taken from the Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve, China. ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were characterized using metagenomic analysis. A total of 196 and 192 subtypes of ARGs were detected in bulk soil and rhizosphere, respectively. The diversity and abundance of ARGs were stable during 69 years probably due to the alkaline pH soil environment but not due to antibiotics. Increases in ARGs after 86 years were probably attributed to more migrant birds inhabited compared with other sampling sites. Multidrug was the most abundant type, and largely shared by soil samples. It was further shown that soil samples could not be clearly distinguished, suggesting a slow process of succession of ARGs in the mudflat. The variation partitioning analysis revealed that the ARG profile was driven by the comprehensive effects exhibited by the bacterial community, MGEs, and environmental factors. Besides, pathogenic bacteria containing ARGs mediated by migrant birds in the area with 86 years of soil formation history nearing human settlements needed special attention. This study revealed the slow variations in ARGs in the soil ripening process without anthropogenic activities over decades, and it provided information for assessing the effect of human activities on the occurrence and dissemination of ARGs.