Improvement of base editors and prime editors advances precision genome engineering in plants.
Improvement of base editors and prime editors advances precision genome engineering in plants.
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DOI：
10.1093/plphys/kiab591
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Kai Hua;Peijin Han;Jian‐Kang Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kai Hua;Peijin Han;Jian‐Kang Zhu
CRISPR/ cas介导的基因破坏已经彻底改变了生物医学研究以及植物和动物育种。然而，大多数致病突变和农学上重要的遗传变异是单碱基多态性（snp），需要精确的基因组编辑工具来校正序列。虽然同源定向修复（HDR）双链断裂（dsb）可以引入精确的变化，但这种修复在分化的动物和植物细胞中是低效的。碱基编辑和引体编辑是近年来发展起来的两种基因组工程方法，它们可以在不需要DSB形成或供体DNA模板的情况下有效地将精确的编辑引入目标位点。它们已在几种植物中得到应用，并取得了良好的效果。在这里，我们回顾了大量关于提高植物中碱基编辑器和引物编辑器的效率、目标范围和特异性的文献。我们还重点介绍了植物细胞器基因组碱基编辑的最新进展，并讨论了这些精确的基因组编辑工具如何推进基础植物研究和作物育种。
CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene disruption has revolutionized biomedical research as well as plant and animal breeding. However, most disease-causing mutations and agronomically important genetic variations are single base polymorphisms (SNPs) that require precision genome editing tools for correction of the sequences. Although homology-directed repair (HDR) of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) can introduce precise changes, such repairs are inefficient in differentiated animal and plant cells. Base editing and prime editing are two recently developed genome engineering approaches that can efficiently introduce precise edits into target sites without requirement of DSB formation or donor DNA templates. They have been applied in several plant species with promising results. Here, we review the extensive literature on improving the efficiency, target scope, and specificity of base editors and prime editors in plants. We also highlight recent progress on base editing in plant organellar genomes and discuss how these precision genome editing tools are advancing basic plant research and crop breeding.