Neuronomodulation of Excitable Neurons
Neuronomodulation of Excitable Neurons
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DOI：
10.1007/s12264-023-01095-w
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发表时间：
2023-08
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Yi-Zhang Chen;Lin Xiao;J. Qiu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yi-Zhang Chen;Lin Xiao;J. Qiu
神经元调节是指神经传导和突触传递的调节（即，突触传递中的传导过程），通过对化学物质的反应，从溢出的神经递质到血液中循环的旁分泌或内分泌激素，改变可兴奋神经元的膜电位。神经元调节可以是直接的或间接的，这取决于从配体结合位点到离子孔的转导途径，或者在同一分子上，即离子通道上，或者通过不同分子上的中间步骤。直接神经元调节的主要参与者是配体门控或电压门控离子通道。直接神经元调节的关键过程是各种配体对配体门控或电压门控离子通道的正构或变构结合和化学激活。间接神经元调节涉及代谢型受体介导的慢电位，其中类固醇激素、细胞因子和趋化因子可以实施这些作用。阐明神经元的调节作用对于理解脑功能的生理机制、疾病的发生和治疗具有重要意义。
Neuronomodulation refers to the modulation of neural conduction and synaptic transmission (i.e., the conduction process involved in synaptic transmission) of excitable neuronsviachanges in the membrane potential in response to chemical substances, from spillover neurotransmitters to paracrine or endocrine hormones circulating in the blood. Neuronomodulation can be direct or indirect, depending on the transduction pathways from the ligand binding site to the ion pore, either on the same molecule, i.e. the ion channel, or through an intermediate step on different molecules. The major players in direct neuronomodulation are ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels. The key process of direct neuronomodulation is the binding and chemoactivation of ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels, either orthosterically or allosterically, by various ligands. Indirect neuronomodulation involves metabotropic receptor-mediated slow potentials, where steroid hormones, cytokines, and chemokines can implement these actions. Elucidating neuronomodulation is of great significance for understanding the physiological mechanisms of brain function, and the occurrence and treatment of diseases.