Exosomal RNAs in diagnosis and therapies.
Exosomal RNAs in diagnosis and therapies.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.01.001
复制
发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Beljanski V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Narang P;Shah M;Beljanski V
细胞外小泡的领域一直在迅速发展，因为有证据表明，被称为外体的一组确定的小泡可以调节远处细胞和组织的几种生物功能。外切体的直径从40到160纳米不等，由我们体内的大多数细胞释放，并携带反映起源细胞的分子。应了解填充的生物分子的类型、它们各自的用途以及它们对不同细胞和组织的生理状态的影响，以促进外切体作为健康和疾病的生物标志物的使用。许多这样的生理效应可以与外体RNA分子联系在一起，这种分子既包括编码RNA，也包括非编码RNA。在核糖体测序方法得到广泛应用后，各种外体RNA的生物学作用(S)开始被认识，导致在外体中发现了各种核糖核酸分子，它们在许多生物学过程中的调控作用开始被揭开。在本综述中，我们概述和讨论了外体RNA驱动的各种生物学过程的阐明及其与中枢神经系统、心血管系统、代谢、癌症和免疫系统疾病等几种主要疾病的相关性的最新进展。此外，我们还讨论了外切体作为有价值的组织再生和过度炎症引起的疾病的治疗方法的潜在用途。虽然外切体研究仍处于初级阶段，但深入了解外切体的形成、生物效应和特定的细胞靶向将揭示它们如何用作疾病生物标记物和治疗药物。
The field of extracellular vesicles has been rapidly developing after it became evident that a defined subset of vesicles, called exosomes, can modulate several biological functions in distant cells and tissues. Exosomes range in a size from 40 to 160 nm in diameter, are released by majority of cells in our body, and carry molecules which reflect the cell of origin. The types of biomolecules packed, their respective purpose, and their impact on the physiological state of distinct cells and tissues should be understood to advance the using of exosomes as biomarkers of health and disease. Many of such physiological effects can be linked to exosomal RNA molecules which include both coding and non-coding RNAs. The biological role(s) of various exosomal RNAs have started being recognized after RNA sequencing methods became widely available which led to discovery of a variety of RNA molecules in exosomes and their roles in regulating of many biological processes are beginning to be unraveled. In present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in the elucidation of the various biological processes driven by exosomal RNA and their relevance for several major conditions including disorders of central nervous system, cardiovascular system, metabolism, cancer, and immune system. Furthermore, we also discuss potential use of exosomes as valuable therapeutics for tissue regeneration and for conditions resulting from excessive inflammation. While exosome research is still in its infancy, in-depth understanding of exosome formation, their biological effects, and specific cell-targeting will uncover how they can be used as disease biomarkers and therapeutics.