Ambulatory Assessment An Innovative and Promising Approach for Clinical Psychology
Ambulatory Assessment An Innovative and Promising Approach for Clinical Psychology
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DOI：
10.1027/1016-9040.14.2.109
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Trull, Timothy J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich W.;Trull, Timothy J.
汇聚的实验数据、自传体研究和日常生活调查都表明，回顾性地收集信息是一种非常可疑的方法。追溯受到多重系统性扭曲（即，情感效价效应、情绪一致性记忆效应、持续时间忽略;峰末规则），因为它是基于（通常是有偏见的）对原始体验或感兴趣的行为的记忆的存储和回忆。规避这些偏见的方法是使用电子日记来收集真实的自我报告的症状、行为或生理过程。这类方法有不同的术语：动态评估、生态瞬时评估、经验抽样法和实时数据采集。尽管术语不同，但它们都使用计算机辅助方法来评估自我报告的症状，行为或生理过程，而参与者进行正常的日常活动。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了临床心理学和精神病学门诊评估的主要特点和优势：（a）使用实时评估来避免有偏见的回忆，（B）在真实的生活中进行评估以增强可概括性，（c）重复评估以调查人内过程，（d）多模式评估，包括心理、生理和行为数据，（e）有机会评估和调查与具体情况的关系;（f）有可能提供真实的反馈。我们使用临床心理学和精神病学文献中的典型例子，证明动态评估可以比实验室或问卷调查更好地回答特定的研究问题。
Convergent experimental data, autobiographical studies, and investigations on daily life have all demonstrated that gathering information retrospectively is a highly dubious methodology. Retrospection is subject to multiple systematic distortions (i.e., affective valence effect, mood congruent memory effect, duration neglect; peak end rule) as it is based on (often biased) storage and recollection of memories of the original experience or the behavior that are of interest. The method of choice to circumvent these biases is the use of electronic diaries to collect self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes in real time. Different terms have been used for this kind of methodology: ambulatory assessment, ecological momentary assessment, experience sampling method, and real-time data capture. Even though the terms differ, they have in common the use of computer-assisted methodology to assess self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes, while the participant undergoes normal daily activities. In this review we discuss the main features and advantages of ambulatory assessment regarding clinical psychology and psychiatry: (a) the use of real-time assessment to circumvent biased recollection, (b) assessment in real life to enhance generalizability, (c) repeated assessment to investigate within person processes, (d) multimodal assessment, including psychological, physiological and behavioral data, (e) the opportunity to assess and investigate context-specific relationships, and (f) the possibility of giving feedback in real time. Using prototypic examples from the literature of clinical psychology and psychiatry, we demonstrate that ambulatory assessment can answer specific research questions better than laboratory or questionnaire studies.