Explosive heavy-resistance training in old and very old adults: changes in rapid muscle force, strength and power
Explosive heavy-resistance training in old and very old adults: changes in rapid muscle force, strength and power
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00732.x
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Puggaard, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caserotti, P.;Aagaard, P.;Puggaard, L.
肌肉力量的下降预示着福尔斯、运动障碍和残疾。最近的指导方针建议，训练计划应该量身定制，以最大限度地提高肌肉力量。本研究调查了12周的爆发式重阻力训练（75-80%的1次重复最大值）在老年（60-65岁，TG 60）和非常老（80-89岁，TG 80）社区居住的妇女的效果。在同心运动阶段，训练负荷的最大有意加速度进行训练。评价了最大等长随意肌力（MVC）、快速力量能力（评估为力量发展率（RFD））和冲动、反向运动跳跃（CMJ）和单侧腿伸展任务（LEP）期间的最大肌肉力量。TG 80组RFD、Impulse和MVC分别增加51%、42%和28%，TG 60组分别增加21%、18%和18%。CMJ跳跃高度在TG 80和TG 60中分别增加了18%和10%，而跳跃峰值功率在TG 60中增加了5%。最后，TG 80中LEP增加28%，TG 60中增加12%。这些研究结果表明，即使在生命的第八个十年，爆发式重阻力训练对于健康女性来说似乎是安全且耐受良好的，并且会引起选定生理变量的适应性神经肌肉变化，而这些变化通常与老年人的福尔斯和残疾风险相关。
Age-related decline in muscle power predicts falls, motor impairments and disability. Recent guidelines suggested that training programs should be tailored to maximize muscle power. This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of explosive-type heavy-resistance training (75-80% of 1 repetition maximum) in old (60-65 years, TG60) and very old (80-89 years, TG80) community-dwelling women. Training was performed with maximal intentional acceleration of the training load during the concentric movement phase. Maximal isometric voluntary muscle strength (MVC), rapid force capacity, assessed as rate of force development (RFD), and impulse, maximal muscle power during a countermovement jump (CMJ) and during unilateral leg extension task (LEP) were evaluated. RFD, impulse and MVC increased by 51%, 42% and 28% in TG80, and by 21%, 18% and 18% in TG60, respectively. CMJ jump height increased by 18% and 10% in TG80 and TG60, respectively, while jump peak power increased in TG60 (5%). Finally, LEP increased 28% in TG80 and 12% in TG60. These findings demonstrate that explosive-type heavy-resistance training seems to be safe and well tolerated in healthy women even in the eighth decade of life and elicits adaptive neuromuscular changes in selected physiological variables that are commonly associated with the risk of falls and disability in aged individuals.