Phenological mismatch in coastal western Alaska may increase summer season greenhouse gas uptake

Phenological mismatch in coastal western Alaska may increase summer season greenhouse gas uptake
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阿拉斯加西部沿海物候不匹配可能会增加夏季温室气体的吸收

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/aab698
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Welker, Jeffery M
Welker, Jeffery M
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kelsey, Katharine C;Leffler, A Joshua;Beard, Karen H;Choi, Ryan T;Schmutz, Joel A;Welker, Jeffery M

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由于气候变化驱动的生长季节提前和迁徙食草动物到达时间的变化,高纬度生态系统很容易出现物候不匹配。这些变化有可能改变生物地球化学循环,并通过改变北极大片地区二氧化碳 (CO 2)、甲烷 (CH 4) 和一氧化二氮 (N 2 O) 等温室气体 (GHG) 排放量,促进对气​​候变化的反馈。然而物候不匹配对气体通量的影响目前尚未探索。我们进行了为期三年的田间实验,改变了生长季节的开始和放牧时间,以研究物候不匹配如何影响温室气体交换。我们发现,尽管放牧引起的植被结构变化增加了 CO 2 的吸收,导致 CH 4 排放量降低,但早期放牧仍增加了向大气的平均 GHG 排放量。相反,晚期放牧减少了 GHG 排放,因为植物生产力的提高导致 CO 2 吸收量的增加,克服了 CH 4 排放量的增加。放牧时间是对CO 2 和CH 4 排放的重要控制,净GHG交换是CO 2 和CH 4 通量相反的结果。N 2 O在GHG通量中的作用可以忽略不计。在本研究中,与改变放牧时间相比,提前生长季节对温室气体排放的影响较小。我们的研究结果表明,相对于生长季节推迟放牧时间的物候不匹配(这一变化已经在阿拉斯加西部沿海地区发生)将通过增加 CO 2 吸收来减少向大气中的温室气体排放,尽管 CH 4 排放量增加。
High latitude ecosystems are prone to phenological mismatches due to climate change-driven advances in the growing season and changing arrival times of migratory herbivores. These changes have the potential to alter biogeochemical cycling and contribute to feedbacks on climate change by altering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) through large regions of the Arctic. Yet the effects of phenological mismatches on gas fluxes are currently unexplored. We used a three-year field experiment that altered the start of the growing season and timing of grazing to investigate how phenological mismatch affects GHG exchange. We found early grazing increased mean GHG emission to the atmosphere despite lower CH 4 emissions due to grazing-induced changes in vegetation structure that increased uptake of CO 2. In contrast, late grazing reduced GHG emissions because greater plant productivity led to an increase in CO 2 uptake that overcame the increase in CH 4 emission. Timing of grazing was an important control on both CO 2 and CH 4 emissions, and net GHG exchange was the result of opposing fluxes of CO 2 and CH 4. N 2 O played a negligible role in GHG flux. Advancing the growing season had a smaller effect on GHG emissions than changes to timing of grazing in this study. Our results suggest that a phenological mismatch that delays timing of grazing relative to the growing season, a change which is already developing along in western coastal Alaska, will reduce GHG emissions to the atmosphere through increased CO 2 uptake despite greater CH 4 emissions.
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