Masticatory Function in the Mammals
Masticatory Function in the Mammals
复制标题
哺乳动物的咀嚼功能
DOI：
10.1177/00220345670460054601
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发表时间：
1967
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Karen M. Hemae
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karen M. Hemae
除了少数例外，6 9'33'35对除人类以外的哺乳动物的咀嚼器的研究强调了组织的形态，而不是它们的功能机制。这种强调导致了这样一种情况，即（由于它们在哺乳动物的生殖发育中特别重要）人们对牙齿的形态及其进化有很多了解，28，43，49，54'59咀嚼肌的解剖结构1，3，21，39，但对它们的作用相对较少。下颌运动的模式（以及下颌关节在调节这种运动中的作用）在很大程度上仍然未知。在讨论15，25，41 '51'53'55时，已在解剖学基础上解释了功能。牙齿形态、饮食和栖息地之间的密切相关性早已被认识到，并且已经描述了与饮食适应相关的哺乳动物的特化齿系。18 '58尽管这种相关性延伸到咀嚼器官的其他元素，但下颌骨、下颌关节和咀嚼肌肉的形态变化受到的关注较少。很少有作者试图从功能上解释现存哺乳动物群体中器官解剖结构的差异，更不用说它们的进化了。Arendsen 7讨论了食肉动物和食草动物下颌骨的差异，Becht 9表明，这些动物和啮齿动物的颞肌、咬肌和翼肌的方向、附着部位和相对质量可以用下颌运动的模式来解释，而下颌运动的模式本身取决于饮食类型和咀嚼习惯。关于咀嚼器官及其功能机制的进化，与牙齿的进化相比，现有的信息存在着明显的差异，这在一定程度上可以解释为牙齿的优先牙化，以及哺乳动物臼齿进化问题的特殊意义。然而，牙齿在主动咀嚼装置中基本上是被动元件，并且依赖于下颌骨的运动来实现它们的功能相互作用。虽然这些运动可以通过仔细评估齿44 '45上产生的磨损面来确定，但设备的实际功能循环只能通过对整个系统的检查和考虑来确定。
With few exceptions,6 9'33'35 studies of the masticatory apparatus in mammals other than man have emphasized morphology of the tissues rather than their mechanism of function. This emphasis has resulted in a situation, where (because of their particular importance in mammalian phylogeny) much is known of the morphology of the teeth and of their evolution,28,43,49,54'59 something of the anatomy of the muscles of mastication 1,3,21,39 but relatively little of their action. The pattern of mandibular movement (and the role of the mandibular joints in mediating such movement) remains largely unknown. Where discussed 15,25,41'51'53'55 function has been explained on an anatomical basis. The close correlation between the morphology of the teeth, the diet, and habitat has long been recognized, and the specialized dentitions of the Mammalia associated with dietetic adaptations have been described.18'58 Although this correlation extends to the other elements of the masticatory apparatus, the variations in the morphology of the mandible, the mandibular joints and the muscles of mastication have received less attention. Few authors have attempted a functional explanation of the differences between the anatomy of the apparatus in the extant groups of mammals, still less of their evolution. Arendsen7 discusses the differences in the mandibles of carnivores and herbivores, and Becht9 shows that the orientation, site of attachment, and relative mass of the temporal, masseter, and pterygoid musculature in these groups and in rodents can be explained by the pattern of mandibular movement which is itself dependent on the type of diet and the masticatory habit. The pronounced disparity in the information available on the evolution of the masticatory apparatus and on its mechanism of function compared with that on the teeth can, in part, be explained by the preferential fossilization of the latter and on the particular interest of the problem of mammalian molar evolution. The teeth, however, are an essentially passive element in the active masticatory apparatus and are dependent on the movements of the mandible for their functional interactions. Although these movements can be determined by the careful evaluation of the wear facets produced on the teeth44'45 the actual functional cycle of the apparatus can only be ascertained by the examination and consideration of the system as a whole.