Comparing Uncertainty Visualizations for a Dynamic Decision-Making Task
Comparing Uncertainty Visualizations for a Dynamic Decision-Making Task
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比较动态决策任务的不确定性可视化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jonathan D. Pfautz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Bisantz;Dapeng Cao;Michael P. Jenkins;P. Pennathur;Michael Farry;E. Roth;S. Potter;Jonathan D. Pfautz
支持复杂的决策需要传达相关信息、特征或限定词。作者测试了透明度和数字注释，以显示对象身份的不确定性。参与者进行了一场“导弹防御”游戏，在游戏中，他们决定是否在移动物体到达一座城市之前摧毁它们(要么是具有威胁性的导弹，要么是不具威胁性的鸟类和飞机)。参与者被提供了关于物体分类的不确定信息。不确定性通过表示对象的图标的透明度和/或用数字注释来表示。创建了三种显示方法。图标表示最可能的对象分类(使用实心图标)、最可能的对象分类(使用透明度表示不确定程度的图标)或图标是导弹的可能性(具有透明度)。在第四种情况下，参与者可以在陈述中进行选择。图标有或没有用数字概率标签进行注释。当参与者可以切换显示时，任务绩效最高，而数字注释的影响很小。在概率可以用图形或数字获得的情况下，参与者选择与距离城市较远的物体交战，成为导弹的可能性较低。结果继续支持使用图形不确定性表示法，即使存在数字表示法也是如此。
Supporting complex decision making requires conveying relevant information characteristics or qualifiers. The authors tested transparency and numeric annotation for displaying uncertainty about object identity. Participants performed a “missile defense” game in which they decided whether to destroy moving objects (which were either threatening missiles or nonthreatening birds and planes) before they reached a city. Participants were provided with uncertain information about the objects’ classifica-tions. Uncertainty was represented through the transparency of icons representing the objects and/or with numeric annotations. Three display methods were created. Icons represented the most likely object classification (with solid icons), the most likely object classification (with icons whose transparency represented the level of uncertainty), or the probability that the icon was a missile (with transparency). In a fourth condition, participants could choose among the representations. Icons either were or were not annotated with numeric probability labels. Task performance was highest when participants could toggle the displays, with little effect of numeric annotation. In conditions in which probabilities were available graphically or numerically, participants chose to engage objects when they were farther from the city and had a lower probability of being a missile. Results provided continued support for the use of graphical uncertainty representations, even when numeric representations are present.