Components of bottom-up gaze allocation in natural images
Components of bottom-up gaze allocation in natural images
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2005.03.019
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Koch, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peters, RJ;Iyer, A;Koch, C
最近的研究[Parkhurst， D, Law， K., & Niebur， E., 2002]。对显性视觉注意分配中显著性的作用进行建模。视觉研究42(1)(2002)107-123]表明，自下而上的视觉注意模型可以部分解释人类在自由观看复杂的自然和人工场景时所注视的空间位置。该研究使用了基于粗糙全局环绕抑制的局部检测器的显著性定义。在这里，我们使用类似的框架来研究几种已知存在于视觉皮层的非线性相互作用，以及偏心依赖处理的作用。对于这些，我们在显著性模型中添加了一个组件，包括方向调整单元之间更丰富的相互作用，在空间短距离（减少杂波）和远距离（轮廓简化），以及视觉处理中偏心依赖变化的详细模型。实验对象自由观看自然和人工图像，同时记录他们的眼球运动，并将其注视位置与模型预测的显著性图进行比较。研究发现，这些相互作用确实在自然场景中注意力的时空分布中发挥了重要作用；观察到的主体间差异约有一半可以用这些不同的模型来解释。这表明，注意力引导不仅依赖于局部视觉特征，还必须包括特征之间相互作用的影响。随着这些相互作用的模型在预测与行为相关的显著位置方面变得更加准确。它们对计算机视觉和人机界面设计的一系列应用非常有用。(c) 2005年Elsevier Ltd出版
Recent research [Parkhurst, D., Law, K., & Niebur, E., 2002. Modeling the role of salience in the allocation of overt visual attention. Vision Research 42 (1) (2002) 107-123] showed that a model of bottom-up visual attention can account in part for the spatial locations fixated by humans while free-viewing complex natural and artificial scenes. That study used a definition of salience based on local detectors with coarse global surround inhibition. Here, we use a similar framework to investigate the roles of several types of non-linear interactions known to exist in visual cortex, and of eccentricity-dependent processing. For each of these, we added a component to the salience model, including richer interactions among orientation-tuned units, both at spatial short range (for clutter reduction) and long range (for contour facilitation), and a detailed model of eccentricity-dependent changes in visual processing. Subjects free-viewed naturalistic and artificial images while their eye movements were recorded, and the resulting fixation locations were compared with the models' predicted salience maps. We found that the proposed interactions indeed play a significant role in the spatiotemporal deployment of attention in natural scenes; about half of the observed inter-subject variance can be explained by these different models. This suggests that attentional guidance does not depend solely on local visual features, but must also include the effects of interactions among features. As models of these interactions become more accurate in predicting behaviorally-relevant salient locations. they become useful to a range of applications in computer vision and human-machine interface design. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.