Assessing Contamination of Stream Networks near Shale Gas Development Using a New Geospatial Tool
Assessing Contamination of Stream Networks near Shale Gas Development Using a New Geospatial Tool
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b06761
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发表时间：
2020-07-21
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Brantley, Susan L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agarwal, Amal;Wen, Tao;Brantley, Susan L.
溪流中的化学品泄漏可能会影响生态系统或人类健康。通常，公众是通过行业、媒体或政府的报告而不是监测数据来了解泄漏情况的。例如，从 2007 年到 2014 年，美国宾夕法尼亚州马塞勒斯页岩地区（该地区是一个广泛钻探和水力压裂的地区）天然气井场的监管机构报告了大约 1300 起泄漏事件（76 >= 400 加仑或大约 1500 升）。同行评审文献中仅记录了宾夕法尼亚州发生的一起此类河流污染事件的水质数据。这可能表明溢出物 (1) 较小或包含在井垫上，(2) 被稀释、生物降解或被其他污染物掩盖，(3) 由于监测稀疏而未检测到，或 (4) 由于检查复杂河流网络数据的困难而未检测到。作为解决最后一个问题的第一步，我们开发了一种地理空间分析工具 GeoNet，它可以分析流网络以检测背景和潜在受影响站点之间统计上显着的变化。 GeoNet 用于宾夕法尼亚州马塞勒斯地区水质门户中的数据。通过最严格的统计测试，GeoNet 在溪流中检测到了 0.2% 至 2% 的已知污染事件 (Na +/- CI)。借助更密集的传感器网络，GeoNet 等工具可以实时检测污染事件。
Chemical spills in streams can impact ecosystem or human health. Typically, the public learns of spills from reports from industry, media, or government rather than monitoring data. For example, similar to 1300 spills (76 >= 400 gallons or similar to 1500 L) were reported from 2007 to 2014 by the regulator for natural gas wellpads in the Marcellus shale region of Pennsylvania (U.S.), a region of extensive drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Only one such incident of stream contamination in Pennsylvania has been documented with water quality data in peer-reviewed literature. This could indicate that spills (1) were small or contained on wellpads, (2) were diluted, biodegraded, or obscured by other contaminants, (3) were not detected because of sparse monitoring, or (4) were not detected because of the difficulties of inspecting data for complex stream networks. As a first step in addressing the last problem, we developed a geospatial-analysis tool, GeoNet, that analyzes stream networks to detect statistically significant changes between background and potentially impacted sites. GeoNet was used on data in the Water Quality Portal for the Pennsylvania Marcellus region. With the most stringent statistical tests, GeoNet detected 0.2% to 2% of the known contamination incidents (Na +/- CI) in streams. With denser sensor networks, tools like GeoNet could allow real-time detection of polluting events.