"Avoid health warnings on all tobacco products for just as long as we can": a history of Australian tobacco industry efforts to avoid, delay and dilute health warnings on cigarettes.
"Avoid health warnings on all tobacco products for just as long as we can": a history of Australian tobacco industry efforts to avoid, delay and dilute health warnings on cigarettes.
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.12.suppl_3.iii13
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Carter, S M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, S;Carter, S M
目的：批判性地回顾澳大利亚烟草业努力避免、延迟和稀释香烟包装警告的历史。设计：对通过主和解协议提供的烟草行业内部文件进行系统的关键词和机会性的网站搜索。结果：本文描述了行业使用的四种行业策略和六种反复使用的论点，这些策略和论点被用来阻止三代健康警语的通过（分别于1973年、1987年和1995年实施）。事实证明，这些策略与严重拖延警告的执行、使警告不显眼、不归责于制药厂和不具体有关，特别是与推迟使用有关上瘾的警告有关。烟草业今天继续反对警告，这可能会“击退”吸烟者使用烟草。结论：政府引入强有力的健康警语的努力将受到烟草业的抵制。如果控烟倡导者希望最大限度地利用烟盒作为提高人们对吸烟危害认识的工具，他们应该预测并反驳烟草业使用的策略和论点，这些策略和论点在本文中有所描述。
OBJECTIVE: To review critically the history of Australian tobacco industry efforts to avoid, delay, and dilute pack warnings on cigarettes.DESIGN: Systematic keyword and opportunistic website searches of tobacco industry internal documents made available through the Master Settlement Agreement.RESULTS: Four industry strategies and six recurrent arguments used by the industry are described, which were used to thwart the passage of three generations of health warnings (implemented in 1973, 1987, and 1995). These strategies are shown to have been associated with major delays in the implementation of the warnings and in keeping them inconspicuous, unattributed to the industry and non-specific, and particularly in delaying the use of warnings about addiction. The industry today continues to oppose warnings, which might "repel" smokers from tobacco use.CONCLUSIONS: Efforts by governments to introduce potent health warnings will be resisted by the tobacco industry. Tobacco control advocates should anticipate and counter the strategies and arguments used by the industry, which are described in this paper if they wish to maximise the use of the pack as a vehicle for raising awareness about the harms of smoking.