An Overview of Rodent Models of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
An Overview of Rodent Models of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_2
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lutz, Thomas A.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Lutz, Thomas A.
目前用于食欲和肥胖研究的许多动物模型至少具有人类肥胖及其合并症的一些主要特征。因此，尽管没有动物模型能够复制“常见”人类肥胖的所有方面，但动物模型对于研究能量平衡的控制及其不平衡的原因至关重要，而能量平衡可能最终导致明显的肥胖。最常用的动物模型是小型啮齿动物，其可能基于单个或多个基因的突变或操作，以及暴露于致肥饮食或其他使动物容易增加或维持体重过重的操作。特征包括食欲过盛或能量代谢的变化，以及至少在某些模型中常见的肥胖合并症，如高血糖、胰岛素抵抗或糖尿病样综合征。肥胖研究中一些最常用的动物模型涉及具有瘦素途径单基因突变的动物，这些动物实际上可用于研究饮食控制的特定机制方面，但通常不能概括人类中“常见”肥胖。因此，本综述将提及各个动物模型的优点和缺点，以便为生物医学研究中最合适的应用奠定基础。
Many animal models that are currently used in appetite and obesity research share at least some main features of human obesity and its comorbidities. Hence, even though no animal model replicates all aspects of "common" human obesity, animal models are imperative in studying the control of energy balance and reasons for its imbalance that may eventually lead to overt obesity. The most frequently used animal models are small rodents that may be based on mutations or manipulations of individual or several genes and on the exposure to obesogenic diets or other manipulations that predispose the animals to gaining or maintaining excessive weight. Characteristics include hyperphagia or changes in energy metabolism and at least in some models the frequent comorbidities of obesity, like hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, or diabetes-like syndromes. Some of the most frequently used animal models of obesity research involve animals with monogenic mutations of the leptin pathway which in fact are useful to study specific mechanistic aspects of eating controls, but typically do not recapitulate "common" obesity in the human population. Hence, this review will mention advantages and disadvantages of respective animal models in order to build a basis for the most appropriate use in biomedical research.