Temporal and spatial relations in sentential reasoning
Temporal and spatial relations in sentential reasoning
复制标题
句子推理中的时间和空间关系
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2011.11.007
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
P. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Csongor Juhos;A. C. Quelhas;P. Johnson
心智模型理论假设断言的含义以及有关其上下文的知识可以调节句子连接词的逻辑含义，例如“如果”和“或”。调制的一种已知效果是阻止命题所涉及的可能性的表示。但是，调制还应该向可能性模型添加关系信息，例如时间顺序。三个实验验证了这一预测。实验 1 表明，个体自发地匹配他们结论的时态（葡萄牙语），以体现条件前提中隐含但未表达的时间关系。实验 2 在析取推理中证明了相同的现象。实验3表明，条件推理中此类隐含关系的数量会影响推理的准确性和速度。这些结果支持调制假设。
The mental model theory postulates that the meanings of assertions, and knowledge about their context can modulate the logical meaning of sentential connectives, such as “if” and “or”. One known effect of modulation is to block the representation of possibilities to which a proposition refers. But, modulation should also add relational information, such as temporal order, to models of possibilities. Three experiments tested this prediction. Experiment 1 showed that individuals spontaneously matched the tense of their conclusions (in Portuguese) to embody implied, but unexpressed, temporal relations in conditional premises. Experiment 2 demonstrated the same phenomenon in inferences from disjunctions. Experiment 3 showed that the number of such implicit relations in inferences from conditionals affects both accuracy and the speed of reasoning. These results support the modulation hypothesis.