Population genomics of the killer whale indicates ecotype evolution in sympatry involving both selection and drift.
Population genomics of the killer whale indicates ecotype evolution in sympatry involving both selection and drift.
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.12929
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发表时间：
2014-11
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hoelzel AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moura AE;Kenny JG;Chaudhuri R;Hughes MA;J Welch A;Reisinger RR;de Bruyn PJ;Dahlheim ME;Hall N;Hoelzel AR
鉴于海洋生态系统的连通性潜力相对较高，特别是鲸鱼和海豚等高度流动的物种，人们对海洋生态系统多样性的演变知之甚少。虎鲸（Orcinus orca）分布在世界各地，个体社会群体在广泛的地理范围内旅行。即便如此，区域种群已被证明具有遗传差异，包括在不同的觅食专家（生态型）之间。考虑到该物种强大的母焦点社会结构以及强大的资源专门化，了解分化过程将需要了解遗传漂变和局部适应的相对重要性。在这里，我们提供了一个基于核单核苷酸多态性标记的高分辨率分析，以及对中性位点和潜在选择位点分化的推断。我们发现所有的种群比较，在觅食生态型内部或之间，都表现出显著的分化，包括在旁栖和同栖的种群。与中性位点相比，被认为处于选择状态的位点显示出不同的结构模式，并且与反映生理相关功能（例如与消化相关）的基因本体术语相关。北太平洋某一生态型的分化模式表明了局部适应，并显示了同域生态型之间的一些固定差异。我们认为，不同的栖息地利用和资源专门化促进了足够的隔离，从而允许中性和功能位点的差异进化，但这一过程是最近的，依赖于选择和漂变。
The evolution of diversity in the marine ecosystem is poorly understood, given the relatively high potential for connectivity, especially for highly mobile species such as whales and dolphins. The killer whale (Orcinus orca) has a worldwide distribution, and individual social groups travel over a wide geographic range. Even so, regional populations have been shown to be genetically differentiated, including among different foraging specialists (ecotypes) in sympatry. Given the strong matrifocal social structure of this species together with strong resource specializations, understanding the process of differentiation will require an understanding of the relative importance of both genetic drift and local adaptation. Here we provide a high-resolution analysis based on nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphic markers and inference about differentiation at both neutral loci and those potentially under selection. We find that all population comparisons, within or among foraging ecotypes, show significant differentiation, including populations in parapatry and sympatry. Loci putatively under selection show a different pattern of structure compared to neutral loci and are associated with gene ontology terms reflecting physiologically relevant functions (e.g. related to digestion). The pattern of differentiation for one ecotype in the North Pacific suggests local adaptation and shows some fixed differences among sympatric ecotypes. We suggest that differential habitat use and resource specializations have promoted sufficient isolation to allow differential evolution at neutral and functional loci, but that the process is recent and dependent on both selection and drift.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Gutenkunst RN;Hernandez RD;Williamson SH;Bustamante CD
通讯作者：
Bustamante CD
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Al-Shahrour F;Minguez P;Tárraga J;Medina I;Alloza E;Montaner D;Dopazo J
通讯作者：
Dopazo J
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baird NA;Etter PD;Atwood TS;Currey MC;Shiver AL;Lewis ZA;Selker EU;Cresko WA;Johnson EA
通讯作者：
Johnson EA
两个层面的进化：基因和形态。
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Carroll, SB
通讯作者：
Carroll, SB
使用下一代 DNA 测序数据进行变异发现和基因分型的框架。
影响因子：
30.8
作者：
通讯作者：
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