Minor and trace element chemistry of Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs
Minor and trace element chemistry of Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs
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DOI：
10.4319/lo.1997.42.2.0329
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发表时间：
1997-03
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
K. Falkner;M. Church;C. Measures;G. Lebaron;D. Thouron;C. Jeandel;M. C. Stordal;Gary A. Gill;R. Mortlock;P. Froelich;L. Chan
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文献类型：
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作者：
K. Falkner;M. Church;C. Measures;G. Lebaron;D. Thouron;C. Jeandel;M. C. Stordal;Gary A. Gill;R. Mortlock;P. Froelich;L. Chan
1991 年 6 月至 7 月，俄美两国对贝加尔湖及其支流和周围的温泉进行了实地考察。在此，我们报告了主要离子（Ca2+、Mg2+、Alk、Cl−、SO42−）和几种微量元素和微量元素（Li 同位素、Sr 同位素、Ba、Al、V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Ge、Cd、Hg、U）循环的各个方面。我们的主要离子河流数据总体上与更广泛的、时间平均的俄罗斯数据库一致；在大多数情况下，均匀分布的主要离子似乎处于稳定状态，并由湖中的河流吞吐量主导。例外情况包括 Mg2+，它可能会被热液活动少量去除（≤ 其河流通量的 15%），以及 Na+ 和 Cl−，它们似乎受到污染的影响。在微量元素和微量元素中，V 似乎也受到人为干扰。其他有可靠数据的元素显示出保守的稳态分布（Li、Cr、Sr），或者由于参与各种粒子循环过程（往往掩盖非自然影响）而在湖内重新分布和去除（Ge、Al、Cu、Ni、Ba、U）。四个温泉样本（Smeyney、Khakuci、Kotelnikovski、Davsha）的化学地温计表明，对于给定的温泉，地下反应温度范围为 70 至 150°C，并收敛到较小的范围 (±15°C)。观察到湖水的贫化（Mg、Ba、Cu、Ni、Sr、U）和富集（Na、K、Cl、Li、Al、Ge、Sr、U）。泉水中的 Ge 含量比湖水足够丰富，因此 Ge 可以作为水下热液的有用示踪剂。
A Russian‐American fieldwork effort on Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs was undertaken in June–July 1991. Here we report on aspects of major ion (Ca2+, Mg2+, Alk, Cl−, SO42−) and several minor and trace element (Li isotopes, Sr isotopes, Ba, Al, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ge, Cd, Hg, U) cycles. Our riverine data for major ions generally concur with the more extensive, time‐averaged Russian database; for the most part the homogeneously distributed major ions appear to be at steady state and dominated by riverine throughputs in the lake. Exceptions include Mg2+, which may be removed to a small extent (≤ 15% of its riverine flux) by hydrothermal activity, and Na+ and Cl−, which seem to be impacted by pollution. Of the minor and trace elements, V also seems subject to anthropogenic disturbance. Other elements for which reliable data are available show conservative steady‐state distributions (Li, Cr, Sr) or are subject to redistribution and removal within the lake (Ge, Al, Cu, Ni, Ba, U) as a result of involvement in a variety of particle cycling processes that tend to obscure non‐natural influences. Chemical geothermometers for the four hot springs sampled (Smeyney, Khakuci, Kotelnikovski, Davsha) indicate subsurface reaction temperatures ranging from 70 to 150°C and converging to smaller ranges (±15°C) for a given spring. Both depletions (Mg, Ba, Cu, Ni, Sr, U) and enrichments (Na, K, Cl, Li, Al, Ge, Sr, U) with respect to lake water were observed. Ge levels in spring waters are sufficiently enriched over lake waters that Ge could serve as a useful tracer of subaquatic hydrothermal waters.