Effects of allocare-givers on fitness of infants and parents in callitrichid primates
Effects of allocare-givers on fitness of infants and parents in callitrichid primates
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DOI：
10.1159/000021728
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Tardif, SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bales, K;Dietz, J;Tardif, SD
利用已发表的研究结果和自由放养的金狮绢毛猴（Leontopithecus罗萨利亚）的数据，对callitrichid灵长类动物助手（婴儿父亲以外的分配者）对婴儿和父母的生存、生殖或行为的影响进行了综述。三条证据表明，帮手可能会增加自己的包容性适应度：（1）在自由放养的群体中，成年男性作为帮手的数量与3种马立克次体中存活的婴儿数量相关。然而，与婴儿死亡人数之间缺乏负相关性表明，除了直接的婴儿护理（例如领土防御）之外的活动可能更重要，特别是在新成立的群体中。(2)在2个物种中，有帮手的圈养群体比没有帮手的群体携带婴儿的时间更长。这种差异是否会转化为自由放养组中有意义的生存差异尚不清楚。(3)在至少4个物种中，帮手通过减少父母花费在运输或供应婴儿上的时间来减少父母的精力负担。生殖男性比生殖女性更有可能从帮手的存在中受益，随着群体中帮手人数的增加，他们对婴儿护理活动的投资减少。在自由放养的金狮绢毛猴中，雄性而不是雌性的生殖期随着群体中帮手的数量而增加，这表明能量投资的减少可能会转化为生存率的提高。帮助者参与婴儿运输的“决定”与觅食、警惕、领土防御以及在某些情况下寻找繁殖机会的竞争需求相权衡。考虑到这种复杂性，可能需要一个复杂的模型来回答帮助者如何“决定”参与婴儿护理与其他活动的问题。版权所有（C）2000 S. Karger AG.巴塞尔。
The effects of callitrichid primate helpers (allocare-givers other than an infant's father) on the survival, reproduction or behavior of infants and parents are reviewed, using both published studies and data from free-ranging golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Three lines of evidence suggest that helpers may increase their own inclusive fitness: (1)The number of adult males acting as helpers in free-ranging groups is correlated with the number of surviving infants in 3 callitrichid species. However, the lack of a negative correlation with number of infants dying suggests that activities other than direct infant care (e.g. territory defense) may be more important, especially in newly formed groups. (2) In 2 species, captive groups with helpers carry infants for longer periods of time than do groups without helpers. Whether such differences would translate into meaningful survival differences in free-ranging groups is unclear. (3) Helpers reduce the energetic burden of parents by reducing the amount of time they spend transporting or provisioning infants in at least 4 species. Reproductive males are more likely than reproductive females to benefit from the presence of helpers, reducing their investment in infant care activities as the number of helpers in the group increases. In free-ranging golden lion tamarins, the reproductive tenure of males, but not females, increases with the number of helpers in the group, suggesting that a reduction in energetic investment may translate into increased survival. 'Decisions' made by helpers to participate in infant transport are weighed against competing needs for foraging, vigilance, territory defense and, in some cases, prospecting for breeding opportunities. Given this complexity, a sophisticated model may be required to answer the question of how helpers 'decide' to participate in infant care versus other activities. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG. Basel.