Tourism, Representation and Compensation among the Dukha Reindeer Herders of Mongolia
Tourism, Representation and Compensation among the Dukha Reindeer Herders of Mongolia
复制标题
蒙古杜卡驯鹿牧民的旅游、代表和补偿
作者：
Jean Hatcherson
越来越多的游客来到蒙古北部参观Dukha驯鹿牧民的营地，这是一个经常被描述为原始和消失的小群体。游客全年进入Dukha营地是不受管制的；这些会面的时间和背景，包括薪酬和住宿，都是不可预测的。一些牧民利用占主导地位的文化和社会资本，吸引更多的游客和更多的赚钱机会。然而，虽然访问促进了当地经济，但这些跨文化接触可能会破坏传统的社会文化身份、移民模式和平等主义规范。这一定性的解释性研究使用了引导的开放式访谈（N=30）、改进的堆分类和参与者观察来检验驯鹿牧民对游客参观和礼物赠送的看法。调查结果显示，大部分参与杜卡的游客对自己的游览态度都是积极的。由于游客通常只停留2到4天，因此礼品、文化误读和经济补偿方面的负面影响目前似乎降到最低。然而，随着游客的增加，针叶林旅游将进一步受益于Dukha拥有和控制的经济和民族志倡议。
Abstract Increasingly, tourists come to northern Mongolia to visit the camps of the Dukha reindeer herders, a small group often characterized as primitive and disappearing. The year-round entry of tourists to Dukha camps is unregulated; the timing and context of these encounters, including compensation and accommodation, unpredictable. Some herders leverage dominant cultural and social capital, gaining more visitors and more opportunities to earn cash. However, while visits bolster the local economy, these cross-cultural contacts may disrupt traditional socio-cultural identities, migration patterns and egalitarian norms. This qualitative, interpretive study used guided, open-ended interviews (N=30), a modified pile sort and participant observation to examine reindeer herders’ perceptions of tourist visits and gift giving. Results show Dukha most involved with tourists have a positive attitude toward their visits. As tourists generally stay only two to four days, negative outcomes vis-a-vis gifts, cultural misrepresentations and economic compensation currently appear minimized. However, as visits increase, taiga tourism would further benefit from Dukha owned and controlled economic and ethnographic initiatives.