Multiline anchors for floating offshore wind towers
Multiline anchors for floating offshore wind towers
复制标题
用于浮动海上风塔的多线锚
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Landon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Diaz;M. Rasulo;C. Aubeny;Casey M. Fontana;S. Arwade;D. DeGroot;M. Landon
大约60%的潜在可开发海上风电位于适合固定基础的水深范围之外，需要将浮动海上风塔（FOWT）系泊到海底。系泊系统是系泊系统的关键组成部分。多种锚类型可能适用于此目的，但所有类型的锚都有其适用的海床土壤类型和系泊系统类型（悬链线、拉紧）的限制。此外，海上风电的基础占项目成本的很大一部分;因此，最大限度地降低锚的制造，运输和安装成本是整个项目可行性的关键方面。与海上石油天然气设施不同，海上风塔以阵列形式部署，通过将多根系泊线连接到单个锚上，可以降低项目成本。除了直接节省成本外，多线锚概念还可以减少昂贵的海上岩土现场调查的规模。本文首先研究了可能适合作为FOWT锚的不同锚类型，主要是在将单根系泊缆固定到海底的传统用途范围内。然后，这些锚适应多线系统的潜力进行评估。检查的锚类型包括：打入桩、动力桩、吸力沉箱、拖曳嵌入式锚、垂直加载锚、桩驱动板锚（PDPA）、动力嵌入式板锚（DEPLA）和吸力嵌入式板锚（SEPLA）。每个锚的性能考虑因素包括：土壤剖面约束、垂直荷载能力、水平荷载能力、定位精度、安装成本、效率、持续荷载下的性能、潜在的嵌入损失以及其他锚的具体考虑因素。
Roughly 60% of potentially exploitable offshore wind power is located beyond the range of water depths suitable for fixed foundations, where floating offshore wind towers (FOWTs) moored to the seabed are required. Anchors comprise a critical component of the mooring system. A variety of anchor types are potentially suitable for this purpose, but all have limitations in regards to the types of seabed soils in which they may be deployed and the type of mooring systems (catenary, taut) for which they are suitable. Additionally, foundations for offshore wind make up a large portion of project cost; therefore, minimizing the costs of fabrication, transport and installation of anchors is a key aspect of overall project feasibility. In contrast to offshore oil-gas installations, offshore wind towers are deployed in arrays, which offer the possibility of reducing project costs by attaching more than one mooring line to a single anchor. In addition to direct cost savings, the multiline anchor concept permits a reduced scale of costly offshore geotechnical site investigations. This paper first examines different anchor types that are potentially suitable as anchors for FOWTs, largely within the context of their traditional usage in securing a single mooring line to the seabed. Then, the potential for adapting these anchors to multiline systems is assessed. Anchor types examined include: driven piles, dynamic piles, suction caissons, drag embedded anchors, vertically loaded anchors, pile driven plate anchors (PDPA), dynamically embedded plate anchors (DEPLA), and suction embedded plate anchors (SEPLA). Performance considerations for each anchor include: Soil profile constraints, vertical load capacity, horizontal load capacity, precision of positioning, installation cost, efficiency, performance under sustained loading, potential loss of embedment, as well as other anchor specific considerations.