Evidence That Pupil Size and Reactivity Are Determined More by Your Parents Than by Your Environment.
Evidence That Pupil Size and Reactivity Are Determined More by Your Parents Than by Your Environment.
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证据表明，您的父母比您的环境更确定学生的大小和反应性。
DOI：
10.3389/fneur.2021.651755
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Williams KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ansari AS;Vehof J;Hammond CJ;Bremner FD;Williams KM
目的：一项经典的双胞胎研究，以评估遗传和环境因素对静息瞳孔大小和反应性的相对贡献。研究方法：对来自TwinsUK成人双胞胎登记处的326名女性双胞胎（平均年龄64岁）进行瞳孔测量，评估黑暗和环境光水平增加时的静息瞳孔直径以及动态瞳孔特征。最大似然结构方程模型估计归因于遗传因素的性状方差的比例。结果：平均（SD）瞳孔直径在黑暗中为5.29毫米（0.81），减少到3.24毫米（0.57）在明亮的光线。瞳孔光反应（PLR）的平均（SD）振幅为1.38 mm（0.27），潜伏期为250.34毫秒（28.58）。瞳孔大小和PLR与虹膜颜色、眼压或屈光不正无关，但与年龄相关（直径β =-0.02，p = 0.016，收缩幅度β =-0.01，p < 0.001，速度β = 0.03，p < 0.001，潜伏期β = 0.98，p < 0.001）。在黑暗中，静息瞳孔大小显示MZ组内相关系数为0.85，几乎是DZ组内相关系数（0.44）的两倍，这表明具有很强的加性遗传效应，最简约的模型估计遗传率为86% [95%置信区间（CI）79-90%]，其中14%（95% CI 10-21%）由独特的环境因素解释。PLR振幅、潜伏期和收缩速度的估计遗传率分别为69%（95% CI 54-79%）、40%（95% CI 21-56%）和64%（95% CI 48-75%）。结论：遗传效应是静息瞳孔大小和反应性的关键决定因素。未来的研究，以确定这些遗传因素可以提高我们的理解，在瞳孔大小和瞳孔反应的变化在健康和疾病。
Purpose: A classic twin study to evaluate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to resting pupil size and reactivity. Methods: Pupillometry was performed on 326 female twins (mean age 64 years) from the TwinsUK Adult Twin Registry, assessing resting pupil diameter in darkness and increasing levels of ambient light, alongside dynamic pupillary characteristics. Maximum-likelihood structural equation models estimated the proportion of trait variance attributable to genetic factors. Results: Mean (SD) pupil diameter in darkness was 5.29 mm (0.81), decreasing to 3.24 mm (0.57) in bright light. Pupil light reaction (PLR) had a mean (SD) amplitude of 1.38 mm (0.27) and latency of 250.34 milliseconds (28.58). Pupil size and PLR were not associated with iris colour, intraocular pressure or refractive error, but were associated with age (diameter β = −0.02, p = 0.016, constriction amplitude β = −0.01, p < 0.001, velocity β = 0.03, p < 0.001, and latency β = 0.98, p < 0.001). In darkness the resting pupil size showed a MZ intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85, almost double that of DZ (0.44), suggesting strong additive genetic effects, with the most parsimonious model estimating a heritability of 86% [95% confidence interval (CI) 79–90%] with 14% (95% CI 10–21%) explained by unique environmental factors. PLR amplitude, latency and constriction velocity had estimated heritabilities of 69% (95% CI 54–79%), 40% (95% CI 21–56%), and 64% (95% CI 48–75%), respectively. Conclusion: Genetic effects are key determinants of resting pupil size and reactivity. Future studies to identify these genetic factors could improve our understanding of variation in pupil size and pupillary reactions in health and disease.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Nakamura, Kunihiko;Bissen-Miyajima, Hiroko;Onuma, Kazuhiko
通讯作者：
Onuma, Kazuhiko
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Mayhew AJ;Meyre D
通讯作者：
Meyre D
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Lopes, Margarida C.;Andrew, Toby;Hammond, Christopher J.
通讯作者：
Hammond, Christopher J.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Bradley, Jay C.;Bentley, Karl C.;Brown, Sandra M.
通讯作者：
Brown, Sandra M.
DOI：
10.1007/s004170050122
发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Bergamin, O;Schoetzau, A;Zulauf, M
通讯作者：
Zulauf, M