Cardiovascular adaptations, fluid shifts, and countermeasures related to space flight
Cardiovascular adaptations, fluid shifts, and countermeasures related to space flight
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resp.2009.07.005
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Richardson, Sara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hargens, Alan R.;Richardson, Sara
在了解心血管对微重力的适应和制定对策以改善机组人员对重力的重新适应方面取得了重大进展。目前主要的问题是飞行后的立位不耐受，运动能力降低，血管平滑肌损失对其他生理系统的影响，开发有效和低成本的对策来抵消这些损失，以及对液体转移机制的理解。先前关于心血管适应性的动物研究提供了证据，证明长时间的微重力重塑血管壁，这反过来对心血管系统和身体其他功能的失调很重要。在过去的10年里，我们的研究已经证明，在下体负压下进行跑步机运动可以抵消大多数卧床休息的生理衰退。未来的研究应改进硬件和协议，以保护机组人员在长期任务。最后，有人提出，微重力下的经毛细血管液体转移可能与组织重量的损失和血管的外部压缩有关。(C)2009 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Significant progress has been made related to understanding cardiovascular adaptations to microgravity and development of countermeasures to improve crew re-adaptation to gravity. The primary ongoing issues are orthostatic intolerance after flight, reduced exercise capacity, the effect of vascular-smooth muscle loss on other physiologic systems, development of efficient and low-cost countermeasures to counteract these losses, and an understanding of fluid shift mechanisms. Previous animal studies of cardiovascular adaptations offer evidence that prolonged microgravity remodels walls of blood vessels, which in turn, is important for deconditioning of the cardiovascular system and other functions of the body. Over the past 10 years, our studies have documented that treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure counteracts most physiologic decrements with bed rest in both women and men. Future studies should improve hardware and protocols to protect crew members during prolonged missions. Finally, it is proposed that transcapillary fluid shifts in microgravity may be related to the loss of tissue weight and external compression of blood vessels. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.