Memory-Guided Selective Attention: Single Experiences With Conflict Have Long-Lasting Effects on Cognitive Control
Memory-Guided Selective Attention: Single Experiences With Conflict Have Long-Lasting Effects on Cognitive Control
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000431
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Crump, Matthew J. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brosowsky, Nicholaus P.;Crump, Matthew J. C.
认知控制的调节被认为既受外部刺激的影响，也受内部目标的影响。然而，这种二分法往往掩盖了储存在记忆中的过去经验的潜在贡献。在这里，我们研究了长期情节记忆在引导选择性注意中的作用。我们的目的是证明新的证据表明，选择性注意可以通过对刺激特定的注意控制环境的长期提取来调节。所有实验都使用了一种包含多个独特刺激的改进侧翼任务。关键的是，每个刺激在实验过程中只出现了两次：第一次作为质数，第二次作为探测器。实验1和实验2在PRIME和PROBER之间改变了干预试验的数量，并使用次要任务操纵了冲突的数量。实验3确保，当呈现为探针时，分配给主要刺激的特定颜色不会重复。在实验1和实验2中，我们一致地发现，当相关的主试验与一致试验不一致时，对探测试验的一致性影响较小，表现出长期的一致性序列效应。然而，实验3没有显示长期影响的证据。这些发现表明，在情景水平上选择性注意处理的长期保存，并暗示了记忆在更新认知控制中的作用。
Adjustments in cognitive control, as measured by congruency sequence effects, are thought to be influenced by both external stimuli and internal goals. However, this dichotomy has often overshadowed the potential contribution of past experience stored in memory. Here, we examine the role of long-term episodic memory in guiding selective attention. Our aim was to demonstrate new evidence that selective attention can be modulated by long-term retrieval of stimulus-specific attentional control settings. All the experiments used a modified flanker task involving multiple unique stimuli. Critically, each stimulus was only presented twice during the experiment: first as a prime, and second as a probe. Experiments 1 and 2 varied the number of intervening trials between prime and probe and manipulated the amount of conflict using a secondary task. Experiment 3 ensured that specific colors assigned to prime stimuli were not repeated when presented as probes. Across both Experiments 1 and 2, we consistently found smaller congruency effects on probe trials when its associated prime trial was incongruent compared with congruent, demonstrating long-term congruency sequence effects. However, Experiment 3 showed no evidence for long-term effects. These findings suggest long-term preservation of selective attention processing at the episodic level, and implicate a role for memory in updating cognitive control.