Lower-Than-Expected Floret Sterility of Rice under Extremely Hot Conditions in a Flood-Irrigated Field in New South Wales, Australia
Lower-Than-Expected Floret Sterility of Rice under Extremely Hot Conditions in a Flood-Irrigated Field in New South Wales, Australia
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DOI：
10.1626/pps.17.245
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
T. Matsui;K. Kobayasi;H. Nakagawa;M. Yoshimoto;T. Hasegawa;R. Reinke;J. Angus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Matsui;K. Kobayasi;H. Nakagawa;M. Yoshimoto;T. Hasegawa;R. Reinke;J. Angus
水稻小花在开花期易受高温伤害，但在澳大利亚Riverina地区，即使开花期气温超过40℃，水稻产量仍保持稳定。为了确定在这些条件下支持水稻生产的机制，我们在新南威尔士州Riverina地区的一个极热稻田中研究了与小气候和穗温有关的不育和授粉。在40°C多风天气下，作物迎风缘穗部温度为38°C，而作物内部温度约为35°C，这可能是由于极度干燥的风（15% RH）造成的强烈蒸腾冷却所致。来自作物迎风缘的花粉萌发率极低，而来自作物内部的花粉萌发率足以受精。此外，作物内部的不育性显著低于迎风缘。结果表明，在极热条件下，水汽压亏缺较大的风有利于水稻的稳定生产。
Abstract Rice florets are susceptible to high-temperature damage at anthesis, but rice production remains stable in the Riverina region of Australia even when the air temperature during flowering exceeds 40°C. To identify the mechanism that supports rice production under these conditions, we examined sterility and pollination in relation to microclimate and panicle temperature in an extremely hot paddy field in the Riverina region of New South Wales. In windy > 40°C weather, the panicle temperature was > 38°C at the windward edge of the crop but around 35°C inside the crop, probably because of strong transpirational cooling due to the extremely dry wind (15% RH). Pollen from the windward edge of the crop showed extremely poor germination, yet that from inside the crop showed sufficient germination for fertilization. Moreover, sterility inside the crop was significantly lower than that at windward edge. We concluded that the wind with large vapor pressure deficit enabled stable rice production under the extreme heat during flowering.