Bajaichthys elegans from the Eocene of Bolca (Italy) and the overlooked morphological diversity of Zeiformes (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha)

Bajaichthys elegans from the Eocene of Bolca (Italy) and the overlooked morphological diversity of Zeiformes (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha)
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来自博尔卡(意大利)始新世的秀丽隐杆线虫和被忽视的 Zeiformes(Teleostei、Acanthomorpha)形态多样性

DOI:
10.1111/pala.12280
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Davesne D
Davesne D
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Davesne D

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意大利博尔卡的始新世(伊普雷西亚)动物群产生了著名的海洋热带硬骨鱼群。博尔卡最具解剖学特征的硬骨鱼之一是神秘的 †Bajaichthys elegans,通常被解释为伞形目(皇带鱼及其盟友)的成员。对 †Bajaichthys 的类型和唯一标本的重新检查与这一归因相矛盾,我们认为它作为 Zeiformes (dories) 成员的最初描述实际上是正确的。 †Bajaichthys具有许多在灯形目中未发现的蔡形目衍生特征,包括:骨盆脊柱、与神经颅骨密切相关的第一椎骨,以及不与方骨接触的缩小的后翼骨。灯形目的​​类似特征,包括前上颌骨的极大拉长的上升过程,已知在该群体和 Zeiformes 之间趋同。通过结合形态学和分子数据,我们确认了这一修订后的解释并解决了 †Bajaichthys 在 zeiform 系统发育中的位置。从整体形状来看,非常细长的†Bajaichthys与体型深的Zeiformes形成鲜明对比,可能具有独特的生态习性。我们推断的 †Bajaichthyss 和其他具有延伸尾柄的化石类群(例如 †Archaeozeus)的位置表明,细长的形态类型是整个 Zeiformes 的祖先,并且现存类群典型的深体几何结构可能独立出现了几次。然而,由于对 Zeiformes 内部关系模式的支持率较低,这些推论必须被视为初步的。 †Bajaichthys 的系统重新归属扩大了 Bolca 动物群的分类多样性以及 zeiform 分支的形态和生态多样性。
The Eocene (Ypresian) fauna of Bolca, Italy yields a famous assemblage of marine tropical teleosts. One of the most anatomically distinctive teleosts from Bolca is the enigmatic †Bajaichthys elegans, generally interpreted as a member of Lampridiformes (oarfishes and their allies). Re‐examination of the type and only specimen of †Bajaichthyscontradicts this attribution, and we propose that its original description as a member of Zeiformes (dories) was in fact correct. †Bajaichthysbears numerous derived features of zeiforms not found in lampridiforms, including: a pelvic spine, a first vertebra closely associated with the neurocranium, and a reduced metapterygoid not contacting the quadrate. Lampridiform‐like attributes, including a greatly elongated ascending process of the premaxilla, are known to be convergent between this group and Zeiformes. Using a combination of morphological and molecular data, we confirm this revised interpretation and resolve the position of †Bajaichthyswithin zeiform phylogeny. In terms of overall shape, the very elongate †Bajaichthyscontrasts with deep‐bodied Zeiformes and probably had distinctive ecological habits. Our inferred placement of †Bajaichthysand other fossil taxa with extended caudal peduncles (e.g. †Archaeozeus) suggests that the elongate morphotype is ancestral for Zeiformes as a whole, and that the deep‐bodied geometry typical of extant taxa probably appeared several times independently. However, these inferences must be considered preliminary due to low support for patterns of relationships within Zeiformes. The systematic reattribution of †Bajaichthysexpands the taxonomic diversity of the Bolca fauna as well as the morphological and ecological diversity of the zeiform clade.
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