New Insights into the Roles for Basophils in Acute and Chronic Allergy
New Insights into the Roles for Basophils in Acute and Chronic Allergy
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DOI：
10.2332/allergolint.08-rai-0059
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Karasuyama, Hajime
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mukai, Kaori;Obata, Kazushige;Karasuyama, Hajime
嗜碱性粒细胞占外周血白细胞的不到1%。它们经常被招募到过敏性炎症的部位，尽管数量很少。然而，嗜碱性粒细胞是否在过敏反应中发挥重要作用或作为次要和多余的“循环肥大细胞”仍不确定。我们最近发现嗜碱性粒细胞在全身性过敏反应和慢性过敏性炎症中起关键作用，与肥大细胞不同。与肥大细胞相反，嗜碱性粒细胞是IgG介导的全身过敏反应中的主要参与者之一，而不是IgE介导的全身过敏反应。嗜碱性粒细胞对过敏原-IgG免疫复合物的反应是释放血小板活化因子，而不是组胺作为主要的化学介质来诱导全身过敏反应。嗜碱性粒细胞的耗竭保护小鼠免于因过敏性休克而死亡。嗜碱性粒细胞在IgE介导的慢性过敏性炎症的发展中也起关键作用，皮肤中大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，独立于T细胞和肥大细胞，即使嗜碱性粒细胞仅占浸润的2%。嗜碱性粒细胞耗竭显示出对正在进行的过敏性炎症的治疗效果。越来越多的证据表明，嗜碱性粒细胞的功能作为发起人，而不是慢性过敏性炎症的效应。因此，嗜碱性粒细胞及其产物似乎是过敏性疾病的有希望的治疗靶点。
Basophils represent less than 1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. They are often recruited to the site of allergic inflammation, albeit in small numbers. However, it remained uncertain whether basophils play any significant role in allergic reactions or act as minor and redundant 'circulating mast cells'. We have recently demonstrated that basophils play critical roles in systemic anaphylaxis and chronic allergic inflammation, distinctively from mast cells. Basophils are one of the major players in the IgG- but not IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis, in contrast to mast cells. In response to the allergen-IgG immune complexes, basophils release the platelet-activating factor rather than histamine as the major chemical mediator to induce the systemic anaphylaxis. The depletion of basophils protects mice from death due to anaphylactic shock. Basophils also play a crucial role in the development of the IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation with massive eosinophil infiltration in the skin, independently of T cells and mast cells, even though basophils account for only similar to 2% of the infiltrates. The basophil depletion shows a therapeutic effect on on-going allergic inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that basophils function as initiators rather than effectors of the chronic allergic inflammation. Thus, basophils and their products seem to be promising therapeutic targets for allergic disorders.