The effectiveness of condoms in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV
The effectiveness of condoms in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV
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DOI：
10.2307/2991537
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发表时间：
1999-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Weller, SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davis, KR;Weller, SC
背景：目前还不确定避孕套在预防艾滋病毒异性传播方面是否与预防怀孕一样有效。避孕套预防HIV的有效性的总体估计是needed.Methods：避孕套的使用和HIV血清学的信息，从25发表的研究serodiscordant异性恋夫妇。避孕套的使用率分为：100%性交时总是使用，有时使用（1- 99%，0-99%或1-100%）或从不使用（0%）。研究按设计、传播方向和安全套使用组分层。避孕套的功效计算从艾滋病毒传播率为总是用户和never-users.Results：对于总是用户，12个队列样本产生了一致的艾滋病毒发病率为0.9每100人年（95%置信区间，0.4-1.8）。对于11个从未使用者的队列样本，发病率估计为6.8/100人-年（95%置信区间，4.4-10.1），男-女传播，59/100（95%置信区间，1.5-15.1）的女性到男性的传播使命和6.7每100（95%置信区间，4.5-9.6）的样本中指定的传播方向。一般情况下，避孕套预防HIV传播的有效性估计为87%，但如果可能低至60%，则高达96%。结论：坚持使用避孕套可提供对HIV的保护，保护水平约为87%，其范围取决于不使用避孕套的发病率。因此，避孕套在减少异性性传播方面的效果可能与避孕套在预防怀孕方面的效果相当或略低。
Context: It is not established whether the condom is as effective at preventing heterosexual transmission of HIV as it is for preventing conception. An overall estimate of condom effectiveness for HIV prevention is needed.Methods: information on condom usage and HIV serology was obtained from 25 published studies of serodiscordant heterosexual couples. Condom usage was classified as always tin 100% of acts of intercourse), sometimes (1-99%, 0-99% or 1-100%) or never (0%). Studies were stratified by design, direction of transmission and condom usage group. Condom efficacy was calculated from the HIV transmission rates for always-users and never-users.Results: For always-users, 12 cohort samples yielded a consistent HIV incidence of 0.9 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 0.4-1.8). For 11 cohort samples of never-users, incidence was estimated at 6.8 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 4.4-10.1) for male-to-female transmission, 59 per 100 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-15.1) for female-to-male trans mission and 6.7 per 100 (95% confidence interval, 4.5-9.6) in samples that specified the direction of transmission. Generally, the condom's effectiveness at preventing HIV transmission is estimated to be 87%, but if may be as low as 60% eras high as 96%.Conclusions: Consistent use of condoms provides protection from HIV The level of protection approximates 87%, with a range depending upon the incidence among condom nonusers. Thus, the condom's efficacy at reducing heterosexual transmission may be comparable to or slightly lower than ifs effectiveness at preventing pregnancy.