Testing yawning hypotheses in wild populations of two strepsirrhine species: Propithecus verreauxi and Lemur catta
Testing yawning hypotheses in wild populations of two strepsirrhine species: Propithecus verreauxi and Lemur catta
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在两种链球菌属物种（Propithecus verreauxi 和 Lemur catta）的野生种群中测试打哈欠假设
DOI：
10.1002/ajp.22459
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
E. Palagi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alessandra Zannella;I. Norscia;R. Stanyon;E. Palagi
打哈欠虽然很容易识别，但很难解释。传统的解释强调生理机制，但最近，行为过程受到越来越多的关注。这是第一个测试野生灵长类动物打哈欠的一系列假设的研究。我们研究了马达加斯加南部安科巴森林（24.99°S，46.29°E，Berenty保护区）的两种同域链鼻狐猴，狐猴和Propithecus verreauxi。这两个物种都缺乏两性异形。然而，它们在生态和行为特征上的差异有助于对打哈欠的假设进行比较检验。我们的研究结果表明，在每一个物种中，男性和女性打哈欠的频率相似，这支持了二态性假说，该假说预测，低性二态性导致打哈欠的性别差异很小。为了支持状态改变假说，打哈欠的频率与睡眠-觉醒周期以及从一种行为到另一种行为的间断过渡有关。因此，打哈欠的频率在L。catta比P. verreauxi的毒力高，因为L. Catta具有较高的基础活动水平，因此具有较高数量的行为转变。与焦虑假说一致，在捕食性攻击或攻击后10分钟，打哈欠显著增加。我们的研究结果提供了第一个经验证据，证明狐猴的焦虑和打哈欠之间存在直接联系。我们的研究结果表明，打哈欠在这两个strepsirrhines发生在不同的情况下，但更多的研究将是必要的，以确定打哈欠是一个单一的，统一的行为。Am. J. Primatol. 77：1207-1215，2015.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Yawning, although easily recognized, is difficult to explain. Traditional explanations stressed physiological mechanisms, but more recently, behavioral processes have received increasing attention. This is the first study to test a range of hypotheses on yawning in wild primate populations. We studied two sympatric strepsirrhine species, Lemur catta, and Propithecus verreauxi, of the Ankoba forest (24.99°S, 46.29°E, Berenty reserve) in southern Madagascar. Sexual dimorphism is lacking in both species. However, their differences in ecological and behavioral characteristics facilitate comparative tests of hypotheses on yawning. Our results show that within each species males and females yawned with similar frequencies supporting the Dimorphism Hypothesis, which predicts that low sexual dimorphism leads to little inter‐sexual differences in yawning. In support of the State Changing Hypothesis yawning frequencies was linked to the sleep‐wake cycle and punctuated transitions from one behavior to another. Accordingly, yawning frequencies were significantly higher in L. catta than in P. verreauxi, because L. catta has a higher basal level of activity and consequently a higher number of behavioral transitions. In agreement with the Anxiety Hypothesis, yawning increased significantly in the 10 min following predatory attacks or aggression. Our findings provide the first empirical evidence of a direct connection between anxiety and yawning in lemurs. Our results show that yawning in these two strepsirrhines occurs in different contexts, but more research will be necessary to determine if yawns are a single, unitary behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1207–1215, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.