Fusarium mycotoxins: a trans-disciplinary overview
Fusarium mycotoxins: a trans-disciplinary overview
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DOI：
10.1080/07060661.2018.1433720
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ward, Todd J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bakker, Matthew G.;Brown, Daren W.;Ward, Todd J.
由于与镰刀菌产生的真菌毒素有关的健康风险和经济损失，迫切需要从不同的角度和学科方法更好地了解这些真菌。在这篇文章中，我们提供了一个跨学科的概述：(I)镰刀菌系统发育；(Ii)霉菌毒素生物合成基因簇和化学结构之间的联系；(Iii)霉菌毒素的生物转化以降低毒性；(Iv)镰刀菌种群生物学；(V)次生代谢物产生的基因组学；以及(Vi)植物群落背景下的霉菌毒素产生镰刀菌。系统发育研究在描述组成镰刀菌属的物种方面取得了巨大的进展，其中许多在形态上是神秘的。准确的物种鉴定和深入了解真菌毒素生物合成基因在这些物种中的分布将有助于控制真菌毒素污染。导致几种镰刀菌毒素形成的生化途径与负责合成过程中每一次化学转化的基因以及化学类型之间的大多数结构差异都有很好的联系。对霉菌毒素生物转化的筛选导致了对影响生物活性的化学修饰的描述，并对食品供应的监测和测试产生了影响。种群生物学研究揭示了引入外来基因类型来改变产霉毒素镰刀菌的区域种群的可能性。基因组分析已经开始揭示负责真菌毒素产生的基因的复杂进化历史，无论是在谱系之间还是在谱系内。更好地了解气候变化如何影响植物-镰刀菌相互作用和真菌毒素积累对于有效的植物抗性是必要的。此外，对镰刀菌和作物微生物群其他成员之间相互作用的更好的理解有望产生限制疾病和真菌毒素积累的新策略。
Due to health risks and economic losses associated with mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species, there is a compelling need for an improved understanding of these fungi from across diverse perspectives and disciplinary approaches. In this article, we provide a transdisciplinary overview of: (i) Fusarium phylogenetics; (ii) linkages between mycotoxin biosynthetic gene clusters and chemical structures; (iii) biotransformation of mycotoxins to reduce toxicity; (iv) Fusarium population biology; (v) genomics of secondary metabolite production; and (vi) mycotoxigenic fusaria in a phytobiomes context. Phylogenetic studies have made tremendous progress in delineating the species that comprise the genus Fusarium, many of which are morphologically cryptic. Accurate species identification and a thorough understanding of the distribution of mycotoxin biosynthetic genes among those species will facilitate control of mycotoxin contamination. The biochemical pathways leading to the formation of several Fusarium mycotoxins have been elegantly linked with the genes responsible for each chemical transformation during synthesis, and for most structural differences among chemotypes. Screens for the biotransformation of mycotoxins have led to the description of chemical modifications that impact bioactivity and have implications for monitoring and testing of the food supply. Population biology studies have revealed the potential for introductions of foreign genotypes to alter regional populations of mycotoxigenic fusaria. Genomic analyses have begun to reveal the complex evolutionary history of the genes responsible for mycotoxin production, both across and within lineages. Improved understanding of how climate variability impacts plant-Fusarium interactions and mycotoxin accumulation is necessary for effective plant resistance. Additionally, improved understanding of interactions between Fusarium and other members of crop microbiomes is expected to produce novel strategies for limiting disease and mycotoxin accumulation.