Sleep, epilepsy and thalamic reticular inhibitory neurons
Sleep, epilepsy and thalamic reticular inhibitory neurons
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tins.2005.03.007
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Steriade, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steriade, M
丘脑网状神经元释放强有力的抑制性神经递质GABA，其主要靶点是丘脑背侧的丘脑皮质神经元。本文主要讨论两个主题：(I)丘脑网状神经元在纺锤波启动中的作用，这是早期睡眠阶段的一种标志性振荡；(Ii)在皮质产生的棘波发作中，网状神经元对丘脑皮质神经元的抑制。尽管在过去的十年里，关于GABA能网状神经元网络产生纺锤体的想法一直备受争议，但最近，体内和计算机研究都支持这种观点，即抑制性网状神经元之间的相互作用会导致纺锤体序列的产生。在新皮质出现尖波发作和Lennox-Gastaut型电发作时，网状神经元通过皮质分离投射被强烈兴奋，并在丘脑皮质神经元产生长时间的抑制性突触后电位。因此，GABA能网状神经元在某些睡眠节律的产生和丘脑皮质神经元抑制外部信号的过程中起着至关重要的作用，睡眠节律产生突触可塑性，丘脑皮质神经元导致失神癫痫时的意识丧失。
Thalamic reticular neurons release the potent inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and their main targets are thalamocortical neurons in the dorsal thalamus. This article focuses on two topics: (i) the role of thalamic reticular neurons in the initiation of spindles, a hallmark oscillation during early sleep stages; and (ii) the reticular-induced inhibition of thalamocortical neurons during cortically generated spike-wave seizures. Although hotly debated during the past decade, the idea of spindle generation by a network of GABAergic reticular neurons was recently supported by in vivo and in computo studies demonstrating interactions between inhibitory reticular neurons that lead to spindle sequences. During spike-wave seizures and electrical paroxysms of the Lennox-Gastaut type, which arise in the neocortex, reticular neurons are powerfully excited through corticofugal projections and they produce prolonged inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in thalamocortical neurons. Thus, GABAergic reticular neurons are crucial in the generation of some sleep rhythms, which produce synaptic plasticity, and in inhibiting external signals through thalamocortical neurons, which leads to unconsciousness during absence epilepsy.