Who are the fittest? The question of skills in national employment systems in an age of global labour mobility
Who are the fittest? The question of skills in national employment systems in an age of global labour mobility
复制标题
谁是最适合的人？
DOI：
10.1080/1369183x.2020.1731987
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Shire Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu-Farrer Gracia;Shire Karen
面对人口和经济的变化，德国和日本放宽了对技术移民的移民控制，为外国学生在大学的入学率设定了目标，并引入了签证类别，使外国毕业生能够进入劳动力市场。然而，只有相对较少的外国毕业生实际上得到了适合其技能水平的工作，并留在了这些劳动力市场。在这篇文章中，我们专注于组织招聘和就业实践，特别是那些与技能形成和职业结构相关的实践，作为影响外国毕业生留美率的因素。我们的分析表明，虽然获得与本地学生相同的教育证书，外国毕业生处于不利地位，因为东道国的就业制度根据国家劳动力市场的逻辑运作，需要制度和文化上的具体技能的期望以及形成过程。因此，外国毕业生要么无法进入市场，要么在差别化的劳动力市场中被置于较低或特殊类别。
Faced with demographic as well as economic changes, Germany and Japan have liberalised immigration controls for skilled migrants, set targets for foreign student enrolments in university, and introduced visa categories to enable foreign graduates to enter their labour markets. Yet a relatively modest share of foreign graduates actually receives jobs appropriate to their skill-level and remain in these labour markets. In this article, we focus on organisational recruitment and employment practices, especially those related to skill formation and the structuring of careers, as factors affecting the remain rates of foreign graduates. Our analysis shows that while obtaining the same educational credentials as native students, foreign graduates are disadvantaged because the employment systems of the host countries operate according to the logic of national labour markets, entailing institutionally and culturally specific skill expectations as well as formation processes. Consequently, foreign graduates either fail to enter the market, or are placed in lower or niche categories in a differentiated labour market.