A Global Analysis of Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Distributions with Identification of Priority Conservation Areas
A Global Analysis of Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Distributions with Identification of Priority Conservation Areas
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DOI：
10.2744/ccb-0774.1
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Gibbons, J. Whitfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Akre, Thomas S. B.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield
目前，CA。世界上有317种海龟和陆龟。在世界自然保护联盟红色名录上评估的物种中，63%被认为是受威胁的，10%是极度濒危的。42%的已知海龟物种受到威胁。如果没有有针对性的战略保护规划，在下一个世纪，海龟多样性的很大一部分可能会消失。为了保护工作，我们汇编了世界上所有龟和淡水龟物种的博物馆和文献发生记录，以确定它们的分布，并确定优先保护区域。我们通过选择地理信息系统定义的水文单元舱（HUCs）与验证的地点点，然后添加HUCs连接已知的点的地方在同一流域或自然地理区域，并有类似的栖息地和海拔高度的验证HUCs，为每个物种构建了投影范围图。我们分析了总共305种海龟，并将每种海龟分配到世界7个地理区域中的1个。确定了全球海龟物种分布格局，并确定了海龟物种丰富的区域。在世界上只有两个地区有多达18或19个物种同时出现在单个HUCs中。然后，我们比较了物种分布与现有的全球保护战略（GCSs），并建立了生物多样性优先领域。GCS中存在的物种定义为>= 5%的范围。在34个生物多样性热点地区中，28个共有192种海龟物种的预测范围，其中74种是地方性的; 5个高生物多样性荒野地区有72种物种，其中17种是地方性的;其他16个荒野地区有52种物种，其中1种是地方性的。然而，有116种龟类物种的分布范围在现有的GCS中不到50%（57种），或者根本没有分布（59种，19.3%），因此可能会使许多陆龟和淡水龟没有任何区域性GCS。对于这116个物种中的每一个，我们确定了一个优先生态区，以进一步保护考虑，我们确定了3个新的全球海龟优先保护区的基础上聚集生态区。这些是美国东南部，下恒河平原和澳大利亚沿海海龟优先区。
There are currently ca. 317 recognized species of turtles and tortoises in the world. Of those that have been assessed on the IUCN Red List, 63% are considered threatened, and 10% are critically endangered, with ca. 42% of all known turtle species threatened. Without directed strategic conservation planning, a significant portion of turtle diversity could be lost over the next century. Toward that conservation effort, we compiled museum and literature occurrence records for all of the world's tortoises and freshwater turtle species to determine their distributions and identify priority regions for conservation. We constructed projected range maps for each species by selecting geographic information system-defined hydrologic unit compartments (HUCs) with verified locality points, and then added HUCs that connected known point localities in the same watershed or physiographic region and that had similar habitats and elevations as the verified HUCs. We analyzed a total of 305 turtle species and assigned each to 1 of 7 geographic regions of the world. Patterns of global turtle species distributions were determined and regional areas of turtle species richness identified. In only 2 areas of the world did as many as 18 or 19 species occur together in individual HUCs. We then compared species distributions with existing global conservation strategies (GCSs) and established biodiversity priority areas. Presence of a species in a GCS was defined as >= 5% its range. Of the 34 biodiversity hotspots, 28 collectively contain the projected ranges of 192 turtle species, with 74 endemic; the 5 high-biodiversity wilderness areas contain 72 species, with 17 endemic; and 16 other wilderness areas contain 52 species, with I endemic. However, 116 turtle species have either < 50% of their ranges in existing GCSs (57 species) or do not occur in them at all (59 species, 19.3%), thus potentially leaving many tortoises and freshwater turtles without any regional GCS. For each of these 116 species we identify a priority Ecoregion for further conservation consideration, and we identify 3 new global Turtle Priority Areas for conservation based on aggregated Ecoregions. These are the Southeastern United States, Lower Gangetic Plain, and Coastal Australia Turtle Priority Areas.