Elevated temperatures alter an ant‐aphid mutualism
Elevated temperatures alter an ant‐aphid mutualism
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DOI：
10.1111/eea.12839
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
E. Mooney;Benjamin Davidson;James Den Uyl;Maria Mullins;Eva Medina;Phuong Nguyen;J. Owens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Mooney;Benjamin Davidson;James Den Uyl;Maria Mullins;Eva Medina;Phuong Nguyen;J. Owens
蚂蚁半翅目互利共生是关键的相互作用，可能会受到变暖的不同影响：这些互利共生可能会被加强或削弱，或者物种可以过渡到新的互利伙伴。我们研究了气温升高对美国科罗拉多州落基山脉亚高山地区蚁蚜互利共生的影响。在这个系统中，寄主植物 Ligusticum porteri Coult 的花序。和玫瑰（伞形科），被蚂蚁饲养的蚜虫 Aphis asclepiadis Fitch 定殖，或者较少被非蚂蚁饲养的蚜虫 Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli)（均为半翅目：蚜科）定殖。通过一项为期 8 年的观察研究，我们测试了气候变化可能改变蚂蚁半翅目互利共生的两个关键机制：物种身份的变化和物候不匹配。尽管寄主植物上的蚜虫种类并没有随着温度的逐年变化而发生变化，但我们发现有证据表明蚂蚁和蚜虫之间可能会发生物候不匹配。在温暖的年份，蚂蚁对寄主植物花序的定植会减少，而对于马利苋蚜虫来说，寄主植物的定植主要对融雪日期做出反应。我们还在环境温度和高温下在复制宿主植物上实验性地建立了马利筋菌落。在常温和高温下，蚜虫群落的蚂蚁丰度没有差异，但在高温下，蚂蚁不太可能对蚜虫群落进行照料行为。实验变暖也改变了蚜虫蜜露的糖成分。尽管蚂蚁的照顾减少了，但高温下的蚜虫群内的捕食者却较少。总而言之，我们的结果表明，较高的温度可能会通过物候不匹配和改变相互作用中交换的利益来破坏这种蚁蚜互利共生。
Ant‐hemipteran mutualisms are keystone interactions that can be variously affected by warming: these mutualisms can be strengthened or weakened, or the species can transition to new mutualist partners. We examined the effects of elevated temperatures on an ant‐aphid mutualism in the subalpine zone of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, USA. In this system, inflorescences of the host plant, Ligusticum porteri Coult. & Rose (Apiaceae), are colonized by the ant‐tended aphid Aphis asclepiadis Fitch or less frequently by the non‐ant tended aphid Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli) (both Hemiptera: Aphididae). Using an 8‐year observational study, we tested for two key mechanisms by which ant‐hemipteran mutualisms may be altered by climate change: shifts in species identity and phenological mismatch. Whereas the aphid species colonizing the host plant is not changing in response to year‐to‐year variation in temperature, we found evidence that a phenological mismatch between ants and aphids could occur. In warmer years, colonization of host plant inflorescences by ants is decreased, whereas for A. asclepiadis aphids, host plant colonization is mostly responsive to date of snowmelt. We also experimentally established A. asclepiadis colonies on replicate host plants at ambient and elevated temperatures. Ant abundance did not differ between aphid colonies at ambient vs. elevated temperatures, but ants were less likely to engage in tending behaviors on aphid colonies at elevated temperatures. Sugar composition of aphid honeydew was also altered by experimental warming. Despite reduced tending by ants, aphid colonies at elevated temperatures had fewer intraguild predators. Altogether, our results suggest that higher temperatures may disrupt this ant‐aphid mutualism through both phenological mismatch and by altering benefits exchanged in the interaction.