Territoriality and the rise of despotic social organization on western Santa Rosa Island, California
Territoriality and the rise of despotic social organization on western Santa Rosa Island, California
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2017.11.009
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发表时间：
2019-05-30
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Joslin, Terry L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jazwa, Christopher S.;Kennett, Douglas J.;Joslin, Terry L.
加利福尼亚州北部海峡群岛的社会组织变化从1300年左右开始加速。这些变化与居住和生存模式的变化有关，部分与中世纪气候异常(MCA；1150-600卡BP)期间的干旱条件有关。在MCA结束时，聚落模式证明了属地性，并可以用理想的专制分布来描述。生产力最高的栖息地的居住者阻止新定居者迁入和获得可用资源。我们使用圣罗萨岛西部五个地点(CA-SRI-15、-31、-97、-313和-333)的动物群数据来追踪这段时期内聚落和人口聚集的变化。捕捞可支持比捕捞贝类更高的种群密度，从中期(2550-800卡BP)到晚期(650-168卡BP)总体增加，但圣罗萨岛西部的安置点较少。在中后期过渡(MLT；800-650卡BP)之前的几个世纪里，人们占据着地理上分散在该岛西海岸的遗址。在MLT之后，捕鱼被限制在较少的沿海大村庄。我们认为，环境压力和北部海峡群岛上战争的增加推动了更多永久巩固村庄的发展，领土的发展，以及与更多的资源保护相一致的定居模式，因此也就是更专制的分配。(C)2017年爱思唯尔有限公司和INQUA。版权所有。
Changes in social organization accelerated on California's northern Channel Islands beginning around 1300 cal BP. These changes were associated with shifts in settlement and subsistence patterns related in part to drought conditions during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA; 1150-600 cal BP). By the end of the MCA, settlement patterns demonstrate evidence for territoriality and can be described by the ideal despotic distribution. The occupants of the most productive habitats prevented new settlers from moving in and accessing the available resources. We use faunal data from five sites on western Santa Rosa Island (CA-SRI-15, -31, -97, -313, and -333) to trace changes in settlement and population aggregation through this period. Fishing, which can support higher population densities than harvesting shellfish, increased overall from the Middle (2550-800 cal BP) to Late Period (650-168 cal BP), but there were fewer settlement sites on western Santa Rosa Island. In the centuries before the Middle to Late Period Transition (MLT; 800-650 cal BP), people occupied sites geographically dispersed along the west coast of the island. After the MLT, fishing was restricted to fewer large coastal villages. We argue that environmental stress and an increase in warfare on the northern Channel Islands drove the growth of more permanent consolidated villages, the development of territoriality, and settlement patterns consistent with greater resource defense and therefore a more despotic distribution. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.