Leopard predation and primate evolution.
Leopard predation and primate evolution.
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豹子的捕食和灵长类动物的进化。
DOI：
10.1006/jhev.2002.0605
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
D. Jenny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Zuberbühler;D. Jenny
尽管捕食是自然选择的一个重要驱动力，但它对灵长类进化的影响仍然没有得到很好的理解，主要是因为对灵长类各种捕食者的狩猎行为知之甚少。在这里，我们提出的数据狩猎行为的豹（豹），一个主要的灵长类食肉动物在泰;森林的象牙海岸和其他地方。无线电追踪数据显示，森林豹主要在白天捕食地面上的猴子。粪便分析证实，灵长类动物占豹子饮食的很大比例，并详细揭示了对八种不同猴子和一种黑猩猩物种施加的捕食压力。我们相关的物种特定的捕食率的各种形态，行为和人口特征，通常被认为是适应捕食（身体大小，群体大小，群体组成，生殖行为，和使用的森林地层）。豹捕食与密度最可靠的相关，这表明豹狩猎灵长类动物根据丰富。与预测相反，豹捕食率不是负相关的，而是正相关的，身体大小，组大小和每组雄性的数量，这表明豹的捕食并没有推动这些特征的进化预测的方式。我们根据最近的一些实验数据讨论了这些发现，并认为豹捕食的主要影响是对灵长类动物的认知进化。
Although predation is an important driving force of natural selection its effects on primate evolution are still not well understood, mainly because little is known about the hunting behaviour of the primates' various predators. Here, we present data on the hunting behaviour of the leopard (Panthera pardus), a major primate predator in the Tai; forest of Ivory Coast and elsewhere. Radio-tracking data showed that forest leopards primarily hunt for monkeys on the ground during the day. Faecal analyses confirmed that primates accounted for a large proportion of the leopards' diet and revealed in detail the predation pressure exerted on the eight different monkey and one chimpanzee species. We related the species-specific predation rates to various morphological, behavioural and demographic traits that are usually considered adaptations to predation (body size, group size, group composition, reproductive behaviour, and use of forest strata). Leopard predation was most reliably associated with density, suggesting that leopards hunt primates according to abundance. Contrary to predictions, leopard predation rates were not negatively, but positively, related to body size, group size and the number of males per group, suggesting that predation by leopards did not drive the evolution of these traits in the predicted way. We discuss these findings in light of some recent experimental data and suggest that the principal effect of leopard predation has been on primates' cognitive evolution.