The Transcriptional Response of Soil Bacteria to Long-Term Warming and Short-Term Seasonal Fluctuations in a Terrestrial Forest.
The Transcriptional Response of Soil Bacteria to Long-Term Warming and Short-Term Seasonal Fluctuations in a Terrestrial Forest.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2021.666558
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
DeAngelis KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roy Chowdhury P;Golas SM;Alteio LV;Stevens JTE;Billings AF;Blanchard JL;Melillo JM;DeAngelis KM
陆地生态系统是一个重要的碳库，随着气候变暖，这些碳很容易受到微生物的降解。经过30年的实验变暖，观察到在加热样地的温带混合落叶林中，碳储量相对于对照减少了30%。此外，土壤呼吸具有季节性，增温处理效果也具有季节性。因此，我们假设，与对照组相比，长期变暖将导致碳水化合物和脂质代谢相关基因的更高表达，因为顽固碳库的利用增加了。由于土壤呼吸和增温处理的季节性影响，我们进一步假设这些模式将是季节性的。我们使用RNA测序来显示马萨诸塞州哈佛森林的微生物群落如何对长期变暖（~30年）做出反应。在两个时间点（6月和10月），从两个处理地块（+5°C加热和环境对照）的矿物和有机土壤类型中提取总RNA，并使用Illumina NextSeq技术进行测序。处理对KEGG标记的转录本的影响大于对CAZymes的影响，而土壤类型对CAZymes的影响大于KEGG标记的转录本，尽管总体影响较小。虽然升温对CAZymes的总体表达影响不大，但几种碳水化合物相关酶在加热土壤中的表达增加（约占所有差异表达转录物的68%）。此外，使用无约束方法的探索性分析显示，加热土壤中与多糖和脂质代谢和分解相关的酶的丰度增加。与长期变暖相比，我们发现季节变化对群落基因表达的影响相对较小。综上所述，这些结果表明，在升温的气候条件下，细菌较高的碳水化合物降解潜力可能会加速自我强化的碳循环-温度反馈。
Terrestrial ecosystems are an important carbon store, and this carbon is vulnerable to microbial degradation with climate warming. After 30 years of experimental warming, carbon stocks in a temperate mixed deciduous forest were observed to be reduced by 30% in the heated plots relative to the controls. In addition, soil respiration was seasonal, as was the warming treatment effect. We therefore hypothesized that long-term warming will have higher expressions of genes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism due to increased utilization of recalcitrant carbon pools compared to controls. Because of the seasonal effect of soil respiration and the warming treatment, we further hypothesized that these patterns will be seasonal. We used RNA sequencing to show how the microbial community responds to long-term warming (~30 years) in Harvard Forest, MA. Total RNA was extracted from mineral and organic soil types from two treatment plots (+5°C heated and ambient control), at two time points (June and October) and sequenced using Illumina NextSeq technology. Treatment had a larger effect size on KEGG annotated transcripts than on CAZymes, while soil types more strongly affected CAZymes than KEGG annotated transcripts, though effect sizes overall were small. Although, warming showed a small effect on overall CAZymes expression, several carbohydrate-associated enzymes showed increased expression in heated soils (~68% of all differentially expressed transcripts). Further, exploratory analysis using an unconstrained method showed increased abundances of enzymes related to polysaccharide and lipid metabolism and decomposition in heated soils. Compared to long-term warming, we detected a relatively small effect of seasonal variation on community gene expression. Together, these results indicate that the higher carbohydrate degrading potential of bacteria in heated plots can possibly accelerate a self-reinforcing carbon cycle-temperature feedback in a warming climate.
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