MORPHOLOGY OF MAMMALIAN SPERM MEMBRANES DURING DIFFERENTIATION, MATURATION, AND CAPACITATION
MORPHOLOGY OF MAMMALIAN SPERM MEMBRANES DURING DIFFERENTIATION, MATURATION, AND CAPACITATION
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DOI：
10.1002/jemt.1060160403
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发表时间：
1990-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
FRIEND, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BEARER, EL;FRIEND, DS
哺乳动物精子是一种高度极化的细胞，其表面膜可分为五个功能，结构和生化不同的域。这些结构域在精子发生过程中形成，在通过附睾的过程中继续被修饰，并在雌性生殖道中进一步被修饰。这些结构域的完整性似乎是精子执行其功能与卵子融合以及随后的受精所必需的。这些区域可以通过其表面轮廓和纹理、冷冻断裂后膜内颗粒的含量、分布和组织以及薄切片中表面和细胞质电子致密涂层的密度进行形态学鉴定。通过使用各种标记，染色碳水化合物（凝集素），脂质（菲律宾和多粘菌素B），和单克隆抗体的特定膜成分，这些连续的膜区域的生化组成也已部分阐明。我们在这里回顾什么是已知的结构，组成和行为的每个膜结构域在成熟的精子，包括一些信息，在精子发生过程中的结构域的形成。精子是研究细胞极性的产生和维持、颗粒胞吐和受精的极好模型系统。希望这一审查将提供动力，为未来的研究，旨在更直接地解决其形态的关系，其功能。
The mammalian spermatozoon is a highly polarized cell whose surface membrane can be divided into five functionally, structurally, and biochemically distinct domains. These domains are formed during spermatogenesis, continue to be modified during passage through the epididymis, and are further refined in the female reproductive tract. The integrity of these domains appears to be necessary for the sperm to perform its function—fusion with the egg and subsequent fertilization. The domains can be identified morphologically by their surface contours and texture, the content, distribution, and organization of intramembranous particles after freeze‐fracture, and by the density of surface and cytoplasmic electron‐dense coatings in thin sections. By using a variety of labels that stain carbohydrates (lectins), lipids (filipin and polymyxin B), and monoclonal antibodies to specific membrane constituents, the biochemical composition of these contiguous membrane regions has also been partly elucidated. We review here what is known about the structure, composition, and behavior of each membrane domain in the mature sperm and include some information regarding domain formation during spermatogenesis. The sperm is an excellent model system to study the creation and maintenance of cell polarity, granule exocytosis, and fertilization. Hopefully this review will provide impetus for future studies aimed more directly at addressing the relationship of its morphology to its functions.