Assessing the contributions of intraspecific and environmental sources of infection in urban wildlife: Salmonella enterica and white ibis as a case study
Assessing the contributions of intraspecific and environmental sources of infection in urban wildlife: Salmonella enterica and white ibis as a case study
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2018.0654
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Hall, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Daniel J.;Teitelbaum, Claire S.;Hall, Richard J.
将自然栖息地转变为城市景观可以使野生动物暴露于新的病原体并改变病原体的传播途径。由于许多野生动物病原体的传播难以量化，数学模型与实地观察相结合可以帮助选择可能在城市景观中起作用的相互竞争的传播途径。在这里，我们建立了南佛罗里达城市觅食白朱鹭（Eudocimus albus）肠道细菌肠沙门氏菌的数学模型作为案例研究，以确定(i)朱鹭之间接触传播与环境传播的相对重要性以及（ii）传播是否可以由朱鹭单独支持或需要外部感染源。我们使用两年一次的现场流行数据来限制参数空间拉丁超立方体样本生成的模型输出，并在竞争的传输场景中进行选择。我们发现最支持通过环境摄取而不是宿主之间的接触传播，并且朱鹭传播本身可以保持较低的感染率。我们的分析提供了野鸟沙门氏菌脱落和吸收的第一个参数估计，并为预测朱鹭对城市化的反应如何改变它们对多宿主人畜共患肠道病原体的暴露提供了关键的起点。更广泛地说，在缺乏感染数据的情况下，我们的研究为评估多宿主野生动物病原体的传播途径提供了一个分析路线图。
Conversion of natural habitats into urban landscapes can expose wildlife to novel pathogens and alter pathogen transmission pathways. Because transmission is difficult to quantify for many wildlife pathogens, mathematical models paired with field observations can help select among competing transmission pathways that might operate in urban landscapes. Here we develop a mathematical model for the enteric bacteria Salmonella enterica in urban-foraging white ibis (Eudocimus albus) in south Florida as a case study to determine (i) the relative importance of contact-based versus environmental transmission among ibis and (ii) whether transmission can be supported by ibis alone or requires external sources of infection. We use biannual field prevalence data to restrict model outputs generated from a Latin hypercube sample of parameter space and select among competing transmission scenarios. We find the most support for transmission from environmental uptake rather than between-host contact and that ibis-ibis transmission alone could maintain low infection prevalence. Our analysis provides the first parameter estimates for Salmonella shedding and uptake in a wild bird and provides a key starting point for predicting how ibis response to urbanization alters their exposure to a multi-host zoonotic enteric pathogen. More broadly, our study provides an analytical roadmap to assess transmission pathways of multi-host wildlife pathogens in the face of scarce infection data.