Modeling health behavior change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors
Modeling health behavior change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors
复制标题
健康行为改变模型： 如何预测和改变健康行为的采用和维持
DOI：
10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00325.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Schwarzer, Ralf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwarzer, Ralf
缺乏运动和不良饮食习惯等危害健康的行为很难改变。大多数社会认知理论认为，个人改变的意图是对实际改变的最佳直接预测。但人们的行为往往不符合他们的意图。意图和行为之间的差异是由几个原因造成的。例如，可能会出现无法预见的障碍，或者人们可能会屈服于诱惑。因此，意图需要得到其他更接近的因素的补充，这些因素可能会妥协或促进将意图转化为行动。其中一些意向后的因素已经被识别出来，例如自我效能感和战略规划。它们有助于弥合意图与行为之间的鸿沟。健康行动过程方法(HAPA)建议区分(A)导致行为意图的事前动机过程，和(B)导致实际健康行为的意向后意志过程。在这篇文章中，有七项研究考察了意志力中介在启动和坚持五种健康行为中的作用：体育锻炼、乳房自我检查、安全带使用、饮食行为和牙线。总体目标是通过在不同的健康行为中复制它，基于不同的衡量标准、时间跨度和来自不同国家的样本来检查HAPA的适用性及其普遍性。
Health-compromising behaviors such as physical inactivity and poor dietary habits are difficult to change. Most social-cognitive theories assume that an individual's intention to change is the best direct predictor of actual change. But people often do not behave in accordance with their intentions. This discrepancy between intention and behavior is due to several reasons. For example, unforeseen barriers could emerge, or people might give in to temptations. Therefore, intention needs to be supplemented by other, more proximal factors that might compromise or facilitate the translation of intentions into action. Some of these postintentional factors have been identified, such as perceived self-efficacy and strategic planning. They help to bridge the intention-behavior gap. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) suggests a distinction between (a) preintentional motivation processes that lead to a behavioral intention, and (b) postintentional volition processes that lead to the actual health behavior. In this article, seven studies are reported that examine the role of volitional mediators in the initiation and adherence to five health behaviors: physical exercise, breast self-examination, seat belt use, dietary behaviors, and dental flossing. The general aim is to examine the applicability of the HAPA and its universality by replicating it across different health behaviors, based on various measures, time spans, and samples from different countries.