Locality and entanglement in table-top testing of the quantum nature of linearized gravity
Locality and entanglement in table-top testing of the quantum nature of linearized gravity
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.101.052110
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发表时间：
2019-07
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Ryan J. Marshman;A. Mazumdar;S. Bose
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ryan J. Marshman;A. Mazumdar;S. Bose
本文指出了物理相互作用局部性假设的重要性，以及在两个非相对论性测试质量之间传播实体（在本例中是脱壳量子-虚引力子）的必要性，通过实验室实验揭示了线性化引力的量子性质。首先，我们将论证，观察系统的量子性质并不局限于证明经典理论的O *修正：相反，它取决于验证经典系统无法完成的任务。我们解释了量子场论和量子信息论所需的背景概念，以充分理解先前提出的桌面实验，即通过虚拟（脱壳）量子交换产生的力，以及局部操作和经典通信（LOCC）和纠缠见证。我们澄清了证据实验中固有的关键假设，即物理相互作用的局部性，这是我们周围量子场相互作用系统的一般特征，并自然地将微观因果关系纳入我们的实验描述中。我们还提出了物质场必须存在的状态类型，将实验建立在牢固的相对论量子场论基础上。最后，我们使用非局域引力理论来说明，当非局域尺度有限时，我们的机制如何仍然可以用于检测力的定性量子性质。我们发现，从我们的实验结果可以揭示非定域性的尺度，包括局域和非局域引力的纠缠熵产生。
This paper points out the importance of the assumption of locality of physical interactions, and the concomitant necessity of propagation of an entity (in this case, off-shell quanta - virtual gravitons) between two nonrelativistic test masses in unveiling the quantum nature of linearized gravity through a laboratory experiment. At the outset, we will argue that observing the quantum nature of a system is not limited to evidencing Oℏ corrections to a classical theory: it instead hinges upon verifying tasks that a classical system cannot accomplish. We explain the background concepts needed from quantum field theory and quantum information theory to fully appreciate the previously proposed table-top experiments, namely forces arising through the exchange of virtual (off-shell) quanta, as well as local operations and classical communication (LOCC) and entanglement witnesses. We clarify the key assumption inherent in our evidencing experiment, namely the locality of physical interactions, which is a generic feature of interacting systems of quantum fields around us, and naturally incorporate microcausality in the description of our experiment. We also present the types of states the matter field must inhabit, putting the experiment on firm relativistic quantum-field-theoretic grounds. At the end, we use a nonlocal theory of gravity to illustrate how our mechanism may still be used to detect the qualitatively quantum nature of a force when the scale of nonlocality is finite. We find that the scale of nonlocality, including the entanglement entropy production in local and nonlocal gravity, may be revealed from the results of our experiment.