Circadian Regulation of the Brain and Behavior: A Neuroendocrine Perspective.
Circadian Regulation of the Brain and Behavior: A Neuroendocrine Perspective.
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2019_115
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Karatsoreos IN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karatsoreos IN
神经内分泌系统是大脑和身体功能的关键调节器，在内部状态和外部世界之间提供重要的联系，然后调节适当的行为输出。昼夜节律是内源性产生的大约24小时的节律，有助于使内部生理过程和行为状态与外部环境光暗周期同步。鉴于时间（小时，天，年）在许多不同的神经内分泌轴的重要性，了解昼夜节律计时系统如何调节神经内分泌功能是特别重要的。类似地，神经内分泌信号可以显著影响昼夜节律，理解这些机制可以提供对大脑回路和行为的神经内分泌调节的一般概念的见解。本章将回顾昼夜节律计时系统及其对两个关键神经内分泌系统的控制：下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴。它还将讨论如何从这些轴的输出反馈影响生物钟。鉴于昼夜节律紊乱是许多精神和身体健康状况的核心组成部分，而神经内分泌功能也同样涉及许多相同的状况，理解这些联系将有助于阐明潜在的共同因果关系，并可能导致更好地理解如何在这些系统开始出现故障时对其进行操作。
Neuroendocrine systems are key regulators of brain and body functions, providing an important nexus between internal states and the external world, which then modulates appropriate behavioral outputs. Circadian (daily) rhythms are endogenously generated rhythms of approximately 24h that help to synchronize internal physiological processes and behavioral states to the external environmental light-dark cycle. Given the importance of timing (hours, days, annual) in many different neuroendocrine axes, understanding how the circadian timing system regulates neuroendocrine function is particularly critical. Similarly, neuroendocrine signals can significantly affect circadian timing, and understanding these mechanisms can provide insights into general concepts of neuroendocrine regulation of brain circuits and behavior. This chapter will review the circadian timing system and its control of two key neuroendocrine systems: the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It will also discuss how outputs from these axes feedback to affect the circadian clock. Given that disruption of circadian timing is a central component of many mental and physical health conditions, and that neuroendocrine function is similarly implicated in many of the same conditions, understanding these links will help illuminate potentially shared causality, and perhaps lead to a better understanding of how to manipulate these systems when they begin to malfunction.