Sticks, stones, and hurtful words: relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment.
Sticks, stones, and hurtful words: relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.993
复制
发表时间：
2006-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martin H. Teicher;J. Samson;A. Polcari;C. McGreenery
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin H. Teicher;J. Samson;A. Polcari;C. McGreenery
目的儿童期虐待是精神疾病的重要危险因素。研究主要集中在身体虐待、性虐待或目睹家庭暴力的影响上。父母的言语攻击作为一种具体的虐待形式，很少受到关注。这项研究旨在描述父母言语攻击、目睹家庭暴力、身体虐待和性虐待，单独和联合对精神症状的影响。方法收集554名18~22岁(女性占68%)广告应答者的症状和暴露等级。使用言语虐待问卷评估父母言语攻击的暴露情况。结果测量包括精神分裂和“边缘易怒”、抑郁、焦虑和愤怒-敌意症状。通过使用效果大小进行了比较。结果言语攻击与中等到较大的影响有关，与目睹家庭暴力或非家族性虐待的影响相当，比与家族性身体虐待有关的影响更大。暴露于多种形式的虐待所产生的影响大小往往大于组成部分的总和。与遭受家族性虐待相比，遭受言语虐待和目睹家庭暴力对某些措施的负面影响更大。结论父母言语攻击是虐待的一种有效形式。暴露于多种形式的滥用与非常大的影响规模相关。大多数受虐待的儿童曾遭受多种类型的虐待，不同类型的数量是一个至关重要的因素。
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is an important psychiatric risk factor. Research has focused primarily on the effects of physical abuse, sexual abuse, or witnessing domestic violence. Parental verbal aggression has received little attention as a specific form of abuse. This study was designed to delineate the impact of parental verbal aggression, witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, by themselves and in combination, on psychiatric symptoms. METHOD Symptoms and exposure ratings were collected from 554 subjects 18-22 years of age (68% female) who responded to advertisements. The Verbal Abuse Questionnaire was used to assess exposure to parental verbal aggression. Outcome measures included dissociation and symptoms of "limbic irritability," depression, anxiety, and anger-hostility. Comparisons were made by using effect sizes. RESULTS Verbal aggression was associated with moderate to large effects, comparable to those associated with witnessing domestic violence or nonfamilial sexual abuse and larger than those associated with familial physical abuse. Exposure to multiple forms of maltreatment had an effect size that was often greater than the component sum. Combined exposure to verbal abuse and witnessing domestic violence had a greater negative effect on some measures than exposure to familial sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS Parental verbal aggression was a potent form of maltreatment. Exposure to multiple forms of abuse was associated with very large effect sizes. Most maltreated children had been exposed to multiple types of abuse, and the number of different types is a critically important factor.