Executive functions and substance use: Relations in late adolescence and early adulthood.
Executive functions and substance use: Relations in late adolescence and early adulthood.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000250
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Friedman NP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gustavson DE;Stallings MC;Corley RP;Miyake A;Hewitt JK;Friedman NP
执行功能差(EFS)与多种物质的使用和滥用有关。然而，目前尚不清楚这些关联是否对某些EFS比其他EFS更强，和/或物质使用的某些阶段是否比其他阶段更强(例如，曾经使用过物质而不是依赖)。同样未知的是，这种模式是否会从青春期改变到成年早期，这一转变的特征是EFS和物质使用行为的变化。在这项对大约850对双胞胎的纵向研究中，我们研究了青春期晚期(平均年龄17岁)和成年早期(平均年龄23岁)多种EF能力(包括预测9个EF任务的共同EF因素)与一般物质使用和依赖/滥用的测量之间的关系。在表型水平上，青春期的共同EF与曾经使用过的药物的数量和过去六个月的使用频率呈负相关，但与依赖/滥用脆弱性(即每种重复使用的物质所认可的依赖和滥用症状的数量)无关。然而，在相同的受试者中，在成年早期，共同的EF只与所使用的物质的数量有微弱的关系，而与同时使用的频率或依赖/滥用的易感性无关。双胞胎分析表明，这些关联主要是遗传起源的，而且随着时间的推移，遗传关联相对稳定。这些结果表明，低共同EF是青春期后期多物质使用增加的遗传危险因素，但非EF因素在物质依赖/滥用的进展中起着更大的作用。
Poor executive functions (EFs) have been linked to substance use and abuse across multiple substances. However, it is unclear whether these associations are stronger for some EFs over others and/or some stages of substance use over others (e.g., ever using substances vs. dependence). It is also unknown whether such patterns change from adolescence to early adulthood, a transition that is characterized by changes to both EFs and substance use behaviors. In this longitudinal study of approximately 850 twins, we examined the relations between multiple EF abilities (including a Common EF factor predicting nine EF tasks) and measures of general substance use and dependence/abuse in late adolescence (mean age 17 years) and early adulthood (mean age 23 years). At the phenotypic level, Common EF in adolescence was negatively related to the number of substances ever used and to past six-month frequency of use, but to not dependence/abuse vulnerability (i.e., the number of dependence and abuse symptoms endorsed per substance that had been repeatedly used). However, in the same subjects in early adulthood, Common EF was only weakly related to the number of substances used, and not related to concurrent frequency of use nor dependence/abuse vulnerability. Twin analyses revealed that these associations were primarily genetic in origin, and that the genetic correlations were relatively stable over time. These results suggest that low Common EF is a genetic risk factor for increased polysubstance use in late adolescence, but that non-EF factors play a larger role in the progression to substance dependence/abuse.