COORDINATION OF HEAD AND EYES IN THE GAZE CHANGING BEHAVIOR OF CATS
COORDINATION OF HEAD AND EYES IN THE GAZE CHANGING BEHAVIOR OF CATS
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013164
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
DONAGHY, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLAKEMORE, C;DONAGHY, M
在有意识的猫身上植入眼电图电极来记录眼睛的位置，并将其置于测量头部位置的装置中，研究了目光的跳回变化。当头部自由活动时，几乎所有的扫视都大于4度。在振幅上都伴随着头部旋转。这种头部运动在眼球运动开始后以可变的延迟开始。最常见的延迟是30毫秒。在完成扫视后，眼睛在眼眶中向后旋转，以在头部运动的剩余部分保持恒定的凝视方向。在没有视觉反馈的情况下，这种补偿性眼动的平均增益为0.96。测定了固定头扫视的持续时间和峰值速度特征。典型的20度水平扫视。振幅达到峰值速度为250度/秒，持续时间为110毫秒。持续时间-振幅关系增加2.1 ms/度。在轨道内斜瞄的扫视与纯水平扫视具有相同的持续时间/峰值速度/振幅关系。斜眼跳的水平分量比同振幅的纯水平眼跳持续时间更长，峰值速度更低。讨论了斜扫视与脑干控制的关系。扫视最初是为了在没有头部帮助的情况下实现所需的目光变化而编程的。当头部移动时，扫视速度会减慢，以防止视线过度。由于即使在被动的头部运动中也会发生这种跳眼衰减，因此它一定是由于头部旋转的周围传感器的反馈，并且可能代表代偿性眼球运动的初始阶段。由于水平头旋转轴和眼旋转轴是水平分离的，因此补偿眼运动的增益随着观看距离的减小而明显增加，以保持头部运动时的注视。这一预测得到了证实。
Saccadic changes of gaze were studied in conscious cats implanted with electro-oculographic electrodes to register eye position and held in a device for measuring head position. When the head is free to move, almost all saccades larger than 4.degree. in amplitude are accompanied by head rotation. This head movement starts at a variable delay after the beginning of the eye movement. Most frequently, the latency is 30 ms. After finishing its saccade, the eye rotates retrogressively in the orbit to maintain a constant direction of gaze during the remaining portion of the head movement. This compensatory eye movement has an average gain of 0.96 in the absence of visual feedback. The duration and peak velocity characteristics of head-fixed saccades were measured. A typical horizontal saccade of 20.degree. in amplitude attains a peak velocity of 250.degree./s and lasts 110 ms. The duration-amplitude relationship increases by 2.1 ms/degree. Saccades aimed obliquely within the orbit possess the same duration/peak-velocity/amplitude relationships as purely horizontal saccades. The horizontal component of an oblique saccade lasts longer and has a lower peak velocity than a purely horizontal saccade of the same amplitude as this component. Relation to brain-stem control of oblique saccades is discussed. A saccade is initially programmed to achieve the desired gaze change without aid from the head. The saccade is slowed down to prevent gaze overshoot when the head moves. Since this saccadic attenuation occurs even during passive head movement, it must be due to feedback from peripheral sensors of head rotation, and probably represents the initial stage of the compensatory eye movement. Since the axes of horizontal head and eye rotation are horizontally separated, then the gain of compensatory eye movements apparently rises as the viewing distance decreases to maintain fixation during head movements. This prediction was confirmed.