The Dark Core of Personality
The Dark Core of Personality
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DOI：
10.1037/rev0000111
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Zettler, Ingo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moshagen, Morten;Hilbig, Benjamin E.;Zettler, Ingo
许多负面暗示的人格特质（通常被称为“黑暗特质”）被引入到伦理，道德和社会问题的行为中。在这里，我们提供了一个统一的，全面的理论框架来理解黑暗人格的一般倾向，其中黑暗特质作为具体表现出现。也就是说，我们在理论上指定了黑暗特质的共同核心，我们称之为人格的黑暗因素（D）。D的流动概念捕捉了个体差异的倾向，以最大限度地提高个人的效用-忽视，接受，或恶意地挑起对他人的负效用-伴随着信念，作为理由。批判性测试D，我们统一和扩展以前的工作方法和经验，同时考虑大量的黑暗特质。使用量身定制的统计方法来捕捉共同的核心和独特的内容的黑暗特质，并测试预测有效性的D和独特的内容的黑暗特质相对于不同的标准，包括完全后果和激励兼容的行为。在一系列的四项研究（N > 2,500）中，我们提供了支持D的理论概念化的证据，表明黑暗特质可以被理解为D的具体表现，证明D预测了伦理，道德和社会问题行为领域的众多标准，并说明D不依赖于任何特定的指标变量。
Many negatively connoted personality traits (often termed "dark traits") have been introduced to account for ethically, morally, and socially questionable behavior. Herein, we provide a unifying, comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding dark personality in terms of a general dispositional tendency of which dark traits arise as specific manifestations. That is, we theoretically specify the common core of dark traits, which we call the Dark Factor of Personality (D). The fluid concept of D captures individual differences in the tendency to maximize one's individual utility-disregarding, accepting, or malevolently provoking disutility for others-accompanied by beliefs that serve as justifications. To critically test D, we unify and extend prior work methodologically and empirically by considering a large number of dark traits simultaneously. using statistical approaches tailored to capture both the common core and the unique content of dark traits, and testing the predictive validity of both D and the unique content of dark traits with respect to diverse criteria including fully consequential and incentive-compatible behavior. In a series of four studies (N > 2,500), we provide evidence in support of the theoretical conceptualization of D, show that dark traits can be understood as specific manifestations of D, demonstrate that D predicts a multitude of criteria in the realm of ethically, morally, and socially questionable behavior, and illustrate that D does not depend on any particular indicator variable included.