Environmental Health Factors and Sexually Dimorphic Differences in Behavioral Disruptions.
Environmental Health Factors and Sexually Dimorphic Differences in Behavioral Disruptions.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40572-014-0027-7
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
7.9
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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越来越多的证据表明，环境因素——尤其是我们在围产期所接触到的环境因素——会极大地影响机体日后罹患疾病的风险，包括神经行为障碍。然而，根据环境的不同，一个性别可能比另一个性别表现出更大的脆弱性。在此，我们着重于两个明确定义的外部环境因素，导致动物模型中的两性二态行为差异和人类流行病学研究中的联系。这些包括母性或社会心理压力（如社会压力）和暴露于干扰内分泌的化合物（如最普遍的一种，双酚A [BPA]）。总的来说，有证据表明，早期的环境暴露，如BPA和压力，导致男性比女性更明显的行为缺陷，而女性的神经行为模式更容易受到晚年生活压力的影响。这些发现强调了在研究环境因素对后期神经行为结果的影响时考虑性别差异和发育时间的重要性。
Mounting evidence suggests that environmental factors—in particular, those that we are exposed to during perinatal life—can dramatically shape the organism’s risk for later diseases, including neurobehavioral disorders. However, depending on the environmental insult, one sex may demonstrate greater vulnerability than the other sex. Herein, we focus on two well-defined extrinsic environmental factors that lead to sexually dimorphic behavioral differences in animal models and linkage in human epidemiological studies. These include maternal or psychosocial stress (such as social stress) and exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (such as one of the most prevalent, bisphenol A [BPA]). In general, the evidence suggests that early environmental exposures, such as BPA and stress, lead to more pronounced behavioral deficits in males than in females, whereas female neurobehavioral patterns are more vulnerable to later in life stress. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex differences and developmental timing when examining the effects of environmental factors on later neurobehavioral outcomes.