Analysis of various transport modes to evaluate personal exposure to PM2.5 pollution in Delhi
Analysis of various transport modes to evaluate personal exposure to PM2.5 pollution in Delhi
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apr.2020.12.003
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Alshetty, Dheeraj
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maji, Kamal Jyoti;Namdeo, Anil;Alshetty, Dheeraj
获得详细的空气质量变化的比较，当通勤通过一个城市提供了城市旅客更明智的选择，如何尽量减少个人暴露于可吸入污染物。在这项研究中，我们报告了一项旨在比较大气污染物的实验，在这种情况下，PM2.5在人力车，公共汽车，地铁，非空调汽车，空调（AC）汽车和印度德里市的步行旅程中吸入。数据收集是在2018年2月期间使用便携式TSI SidePak气溶胶监测仪AM 520进行的。结果表明，人力车（266 +/- 159 μ g/m3）和步行（259 +/- 102 μ g/m3）模式暴露于显著较高的平均PM2.5水平，而AC汽车（89 +/- 30 μ g/m3）和地铁（72 +/- 11 μ g/m3）的总体暴露率最低。公共汽车（113 +/- 14 μ g/m3）和非空调汽车（149 +/- 13 μ g/m3）的暴露水平处于平均水平，但打开的窗户和当地因素导致两种交通方式的PM2.5激增。封闭式空调交通模式被证明是避免高浓度PM2.5的最佳模式，但其他因素（例如一天中的时间，车窗打开或关闭）会显著影响暴露水平。总体而言，步行、人力车和非空调汽车运输方式的最高总呼吸沉积剂量值估计分别为84.7 +/- 33.4 μ g/km、15.8 +/- 9.5 μ g/km和9.7 +/- 0.9 μ g/km。除非采取强有力的污染控制措施，否则PM2.5的高暴露水平将继续对德里居民造成严重的短期和长期健康问题。需要实施综合和智能交通系统，并教育通勤者如何减少暴露水平和对通勤者健康的影响。
Access to detailed comparisons of the air quality variations encountered when commuting through a city offers the urban traveller more informed choice on how to minimise personal exposure to inhalable pollutants. In this study we report on an experiment designed to compare atmospheric contaminants, in this case, PM2.5 inhaled during rickshaw, bus, metro, non-air-conditioned car, air-conditioned (AC) car and walking journeys through the city of Delhi, India. The data collection was carried out using a portable TSI SidePak Aerosol Monitor AM520, during February 2018. The results demonstrate that rickshaws (266 +/- 159 mu g/m(3)) and walking (259 +/- 102 mu g/m(3)) modes were exposed to significantly higher mean PM2.5 levels, whereas AC cars (89 +/- 30 mu g/m(3)) and the metro (72 +/- 11 mu g/m(3)) had the lowest overall exposure rates. Buses (113 +/- 14 mu g/m(3)) and non-AC cars (149 +/- 13 mu g/m(3)) had average levels of exposure, but open windows and local factors caused surges in PM2.5 for both transport modes. Closed air-conditioned transport modes were shown to be the best modes for avoiding high concentrations of PM2.5, however other factors (e.g. time of the day, window open or closed in the vehicles) affected exposure levels significantly. Overall, the highest total respiratory deposition doses (RDDs) values were estimated as 84.7 +/- 33.4 mu g/km, 15.8 +/- 9.5 mu g/km and 9.7 +/- 0.9 mu g/km for walking, rickshaw and non-AC car transported mode of journey, respectively. Unless strong pollution control measures are taken, the high exposure to PM2.5 levels will continue causing serious short-term and long-term health concerns for the Delhi residents. Implementing integrated and intelligent transport systems and educating commuters on ways to reduce exposure levels and impacts on commuter's health are required.